python渗透测试入门——流量嗅探器

1.代码及代码讲解。

代码编写工具：VsCode

（1）socket嗅探器

首先第一个脚本是最简单的原始socket嗅探器，它只会读一个数据包，然后直接退出：

import socketimport os#host to listen onHOST = ''
#这里输入自己的IP地址
def main():    #create raw socket, bin to public interface    if os.name == 'nt':        socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP    else:        socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP        sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW.socket_protocol)    sniffer.bind((HOST,0))    #include the IP header in the capture    sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)    if os.name =='nt':        sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)    #read one packet    print(sniffer.recvfrom(65565))    if os.name == 'nt':        sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

注意：这里Windows和Linux的区别是，前者允许我们嗅探任何协议的所有流入数据，而后者强制我们指定一个协议来嗅探，这里指定的是ICMP。

上面这只是一个非常简单的嗅探器，那我们将对它的功能进行进一步的拓展。

（2）ip解码器

import ipaddressimport os import socketimport structimport sys#定义了一个Python结构，把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址class IP:    def __init__(self, buff=None):        header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)        self.ver = header[0] >> 4        self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF        self.tos = header[1]        self.len = header[2]        self.id = header[3]        self.offset = header[4]        self.ttl = header[5]        self.protocol = header[6]        self.sum = header[7]        self.src = header[8]        self.dst = header[9]        # human readable IP addresses        #使用新打造的IP头结构，将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析        self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)        self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)        # map protocol constants to their names                self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}        try:            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]        except Exception as e:            print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)    def sniff(host):        # should look familiar from previous example        if os.name == 'nt':            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP        else:            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP        sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)        sniffer.bind((host,0))        sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)        if os.name == 'nt':            sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)        try:            while True:                # read a packet                #将前20字节转换成IP头对象                raw_buffere = sniffer.recvfrom(65535)[0]                # create an IP header from the first 20 bytes                ip_header = IP(raw_buffere[0:20])                # print the detected protocol and hosts                #打印抓取信息                print('Protocol: %s %s -> %s' % (ip_header.protocol, ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address))        except KeyboardInterrupt:            # if we're on Windows, turn off promiscuous mode            if os.name == 'nt':                sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)            sys.exit()if __name__ == '__main':    if len(sys.argv) == 2:        host = sys.argv[1]    else:        host = ''    sniffer(host)

在理解这一部分的内容之前，我们首先要了解一个python库。struct库：struct库提供了一些格式字符，用来定义二进制数据的结构。这个库在解码，密码学方面经常会用到。

注：在struct库里，不存在对应于nybble格式（即4个二进制位组成的数据块，也叫作nibble）的格式字符。

self.ver = header[0] >> 4

对于IP头的第一个字节，我们只想取高位nybble（整个字节里的第一个nybble）作为ver的值。取某字节高位nybble的常规方法是将其向右位移4位，相当于在该字节的开头填4个0，把其尾部的4位挤出去。这样我们就得到了原字节的第一个nybble。

self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF

我们想把低位nybble（或者说原字节的最后4个二进制位）填进hdrlen里，取某个字节低位nybble的常规方法是将其与数字0xF（00001111）进行按位与运算。它利用了0 AND 1 = 0的特性（0代表假，1代表真）。想要AND表达式为真，表达式两边都必须为真。所以这个操作相当于删除前4个二进制位，因为任何数AND 0都得0；它保持了最后4个二进制位不变，因为任何数AND 1还是原数字。

（3）解码ICMP

import ipaddressimport os import socketimport structimport sys#定义了一个Python结构，把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址class IP:    def __init__(self, buff=None):        header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)        self.ver = header[0] >> 4        self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF        self.tos = header[1]        self.len = header[2]        self.id = header[3]        self.offset = header[4]        self.ttl = header[5]        self.protocol = header[6]        self.sum = header[7]        self.src = header[8]        self.dst = header[9]        # human readable IP addresses        #使用新打造的IP头结构，将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析        self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)        self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)        # map protocol constants to their names                self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}        try:            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]        except Exception as e:            print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)class ICMP:    def __init__(self, buff):        header = struct.unpack('<BBHHH', buff)        self.type = header[0]        self.code = header[1]        self.sum = header[2]        self.id = header[3]        self.seq = header[4]def sniff(host):        # should look familiar from previous example        if os.name == 'nt':            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP        else:            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP        sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)        sniffer.bind((host,0))        sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)        if os.name == 'nt':            sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)        try:            while True:                # read a packet                #将前20字节转换成IP头对象                raw_buffere = sniffer.recvfrom(65535)[0]                # create an IP header from the first 20 bytes                ip_header = IP(raw_buffere[0:20])                # if it's ICMP, we want it                if ip_header.protocol == 'ICMP':                    print('Protocol: %s %s -> %s' % (ip_header.protocol,ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address))                    print(f'Version: {ip_header.ver}')                    print(f'Header Length; {ip_header.ihl} TTL: {ip_header.ttl}')                    # calculate where our ICMP packet starts                    offset = ip_header.ihl * 4                    buf = raw_buffere[offset:offset + 8]                    # create our ICMP structure                    icmp_header = ICMP(buf)                    print('ICMP -> Yype: %s Code: %s\n' % (icmp_header.type, icmp_header.code))        except KeyboardInterrupt:            if os.name == 'nt':                sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)            sys.exit()     if __name__ == '__main':    if len(sys.argv) == 2:        host = sys.argv[1]    else:        host = '10.74.212.22'    sniff(host)

这段代码在之前的IP结构下方又创建了一个ICMP结构。在负责接收数据包的主循环中，我们会判断接收到的数据包是否为ICMP数据包，然后计算出ICMP数据在原始数据包中的偏移，最后将数据按照ICMP结构进行解析。

（4）scanner.py

那前面我们已经完成了大部分工作，只剩下了一个任务——群发UDP数据包，并解析结果

importipaddress
importos
import socketimport structimport sysimport threadingimport time#subnet to targetSUBNET = '192.168.0.1/24'# magic string we'll check ICMP responses for
#添加的这点代码应该很好理解。我们定义了一个简单的字符串作为“签名”，用于确认收到的ICMP响应是否是由我们发送的UDP包所触发的
MESSAGE = 'PYTHONRULES!'#定义了一个Python结构，把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址class IP:    def __init__(self, buff=None):        header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)        self.ver = header[0] >> 4        self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF        self.tos = header[1]        self.len = header[2]        self.id = header[3]        self.offset = header[4]        self.ttl = header[5]        self.protocol = header[6]        self.sum = header[7]        self.src = header[8]        self.dst = header[9]        # human readable IP addresses        #使用新打造的IP头结构，将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析        self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)        self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)        # map protocol constants to their names                self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}        try:            self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]        except Exception as e:            print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))            self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)class ICMP:    def __init__(self, buff):        header = struct.unpack('<BBHHH', buff)        self.type = header[0]        self.code = header[1]        self.sum = header[2]        self.id = header[3]        self.seq = header[4]def udp_sender():    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as sender:        for ip in ipaddress.ip_network(SUBNET).hosts():            sender.sendto(bytes(MESSAGE, 'utf8'), (str(ip), 65212))class Scanner:    def __init__(self, host):        self.host = host        if os.name == 'nt':            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP        else:            socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP                self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW, socket_protocol)        self.socket.bind((host, 0))        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)        if os.name == 'nt':            self.socket.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)    def sniff(self):        hosts_up = set([f'{str(self.host)} *'])        try:            while True:                # read a packet                raw_buffer = self.socket.recvfrom(65535)[0]                # create an IP header from the first 20 bytes                ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])                # if it's ICMP, we went it                if ip_header.protocol == "ICMP":                    offset = ip_header.ihl1 * 4                    buf = raw_buffer[offset:offset + 8]                    icmp_header = ICMP(buf)                                        if icmp_header.code == 3 and icmp_header.type == 3:                        if ipaddress.ip_address(ip_header.src_address) in ipaddress.IPv4Network(SUBNET):                            # make sure it has our magic message                            if raw_buffer[len(raw_buffer) - len(MESSAGE):] == bytes(MESSAGE, 'utf8'):                                tgt = str(ip_header.src_address)                                if tgt !=self.host and tgt not in hosts_up:                                    hosts_up.add(str(ip_header.src_address))                                    print(f'Host Up: {tgt}')        except KeyboardInterrupt:            if os.name == 'nt':                self.socket.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)            print('\nUser interrupted')            if hosts_up:                print(f'\n\nSummary: Hosts up on {SUBNET}')            for host in sorted(hosts_up):                print(f'{host}')            print('')            sys.exit()if __name__ == '__main':    if len(sys.argv) == 2:        host = sys.argv[1]    else:        host = ''    s = Scanner(host)    time.sleep(5)    t = threading.Thread(target=udp_sender)    t.start()    s.sniff()

其中我们引入ipaddress库，这样就能对整个子网进行主机发现扫描。

sniff函数会嗅探网络上的数据，步骤跟之前的例子差不多，唯一的区别就是这次它会把在线的主机记录下来。接收到预期的ICMP消息时，我们首先检查这个响应是不是来自我们正在扫描的子网，然后检查ICMP消息里有没有我们自定义的签名。如果所有检查都通过了，就把发送这条ICMP消息的主机IP地址打印出来。如果使用Ctrl+C组合键中断扫描过程的话，程序就会关闭网卡混杂模式（如果是Windows平台），并且把迄今为止扫描出来的主机都打印到屏幕上。

那到这里我们的流量嗅探工具已经算编写完成了，希望大家有所收获。