问题描述

将一个包含LocalDateTime对象的集合进行序列化和反序列化时,可能会遇到以下异常:

Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException: Java 8 date/time type `java.time.LocalDate` not supported by default: add Module "com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310" to enable handling (through reference chain: java.util.HashMap["data"])

这是因为Jackson库在默认情况下不支持LocalDateTime类型的序列化和反序列化。为了解决这个问题,我们需要自定义序列化和反序列化的行为。

解决方案一

1. 引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson</groupId><artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency>

2. 设定时间模块

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new CustomObjectMapper();objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("time", LocalDateTime.now());map.put("data", LocalDate.now());objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);

解决方案二

1. 自定义序列化器

首先,我们需要创建一个自定义的序列化器,用于处理LocalDateTime类型的序列化和反序列化。具体实现如下:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;import java.io.IOException;import java.time.LocalDateTime;public class LocalDateTimeSerializer extends JsonSerializer<LocalDateTime> {@Overridepublic void serialize(LocalDateTime value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {gen.writeString(value.toString());}}

在这个自定义序列化器中,我们将LocalDateTime对象转换为字符串,然后使用gen.writeString()方法将其写入JSON输出流。

接下来,我们需要将这个自定义序列化器应用到我们的实体类上。假设我们有一个名为Event的实体类,其中包含一个LocalDateTime类型的属性eventTime

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;import java.time.LocalDateTime;public class Event {private String name;private LocalDateTime eventTime;// getter and setter methods ...@JsonSerialize(using = LocalDateTimeSerializer.class)public LocalDateTime getEventTime() {return eventTime;}public void setEventTime(LocalDateTime eventTime) {this.eventTime = eventTime;}}

通过在getEventTime()方法上添加@JsonSerialize注解,并指定我们刚刚创建的自定义序列化器(Using = LocalDateTimeSerializer.class),我们可以确保在序列化和反序列化eventTime属性时,会使用我们定义的自定义序列化器。

2. 自定义反序列化器(可选)

如果我们希望在反序列化时保留LocalDateTime对象的类型信息,我们可以创建一个自定义的反序列化器。具体实现如下:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize;import java.io.IOException;import java.time.LocalDateTime;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;public class LocalDateTimeDeserializer extends JsonDeserializer<LocalDateTime> {private static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;private static final LocalDateTime minValue = LocalDateTime.MIN;private static final LocalDateTime maxValue = LocalDateTime.MAX;private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; // Add a unique ID to the deserializer if needed@Overridepublic LocalDateTime deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException {String value = p.getText();return LocalDateTime.parse(value, formatter); // Use the same formatter as in the serializer for consistency}}