以下记录均是在bevformer_tiny版本上进行的实验，且不考虑时序输入

参考了https://github.com/DerryHub/BEVFormer_tensorrt，但是这个是为了部署在tensorRT上的，自己定义了一些特殊的算子，并不是我需要的，所以自己尝试重新转onnx。

一、配置环境

直接在bevformer官方推荐的环境上进行转onnx操作：https://github.com/fundamentalvision/BEVFormer/blob/master/docs/install.md

二、准备工作

在路径：mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/projects/mmdet3d_plugin/bevformer/apis/test.py中添加一个函数：

def custom_multi_gpu_test_onnx(model, data_loader,tmpdir=None, gpu_collect=False):"""Test model with multiple gpus.This method tests model with multiple gpus and collects the resultsunder two different modes: gpu and cpu modes. By setting 'gpu_collect=True'it encodes results to gpu tensors and use gpu communication for resultscollection. On cpu mode it saves the results on different gpus to 'tmpdir'and collects them by the rank 0 worker.Args:model (nn.Module): Model to be tested.data_loader (nn.Dataloader): Pytorch data loader.tmpdir (str): Path of directory to save the temporary results fromdifferent gpus under cpu mode.gpu_collect (bool): Option to use either gpu or cpu to collect results.Returns:list: The prediction results."""model.eval()bbox_results = []mask_results = []dataset = data_loader.datasetrank, world_size = get_dist_info()if rank == 0:prog_bar = mmcv.ProgressBar(len(dataset))time.sleep(2)# This line can prevent deadlock problem in some cases.have_mask = Falserepetitions = 100for i, data in enumerate(data_loader):with torch.no_grad():inputs = {}inputs['img'] = data['img'][0].data[0].float().unsqueeze(0) #torch.randn(6,3,736,1280)#.cuda()#inputs['return_loss'] = Falseinputs['img_metas'] = [1]inputs['img_metas'][0] = [1]inputs['img_metas'][0][0] = {}inputs['img_metas'][0][0]['can_bus'] = torch.from_numpy(data['img_metas'][0].data[0][0]['can_bus']).float()#torch.randn(18)#.cuda()inputs['img_metas'][0][0]['lidar2img'] = torch.from_numpy(np.array(data['img_metas'][0].data[0][0]['lidar2img'])).float().unsqueeze(0)#torch.randn(1,6,4,4)#.cuda()inputs['img_metas'][0][0]['scene_token'] = 'fcbccedd61424f1b85dcbf8f897f9754'inputs['img_metas'][0][0]['img_shape'] = torch.Tensor([[480,800]]) output_file = '/×××/BEVformer/mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/J5/bevformer_tiny.onnx'torch.onnx.export(model,inputs,output_file,export_params=True,keep_initializers_as_inputs=True,do_constant_folding=False,verbose=False,opset_version=11,)print(f"ONNX file has been saved in {output_file}")return {0:'1'}

然后使用mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/tools/test.py这个用来测试的脚本进行转onnx操作，把233行的custom_multi_gpu_test改成上面定义的函数custom_multi_gpu_test_onnx，我是在cpu上操作的，所以把上面分布式操作去掉了，如图所示

按照如下图修改配置信息，方便调试

三、开始排错

报错1：KeyError：‘RANK’

解决方法： 点进dist_utils.py里面，修改内容，如下所示

def _init_dist_pytorch(backend, **kwargs):# TODO: use local_rank instead of rank % num_gpusos.environ['RANK'] = '0'os.environ['MASTER_ADDR'] = 'localhost'os.environ['MASTER_PORT'] = '5678'rank = int(os.environ['RANK'])num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()torch.cuda.set_device(rank % num_gpus)dist.init_process_group(backend=backend, world_size=int(1),**kwargs)

报错2：AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘size’

原因是bevformer的模型的forward输入比较特殊，不是单纯的字典或者列表，为了方便转onnx，进行一些改写，如下：

（1）将mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/projects/mmdet3d_plugin/bevformer/detectors/bevformer.py中143行的forward函数改成：

def forward(self, input):#return_loss=True,"""Calls either forward_train or forward_test depending on whetherreturn_loss=True.Note this setting will change the expected inputs. When`return_loss=True`, img and img_metas are single-nested (i.e.torch.Tensor and list[dict]), and when `resturn_loss=False`, img andimg_metas should be double nested (i.e.list[torch.Tensor],list[list[dict]]), with the outer list indicating test timeaugmentations."""#return_loss = input['return_loss']#if return_loss:#return self.forward_train(**kwargs)#else:#input['rescale']=True# return_loss=False, rescale=True, return self.forward_test(input['img_metas'], input['img'])

（2）forward_test函数定义去掉**kwargs,self.simple_test()函数输入也去掉**kwargs

报错3：ValueError: only one element tensors can be converted to Python scalars

原因 bevformer本来是以numpy形式输入’can_bus’参数的，但是转模型的时候应该所有变量都是tensor的形式，我们在初始化数据输入的时候是用torch.randn()生成输入，所以做如下修改：

将bevformer/modules/transformer.py的get_bev_feature函数改为：

def get_bev_features(self,mlvl_feats,bev_queries,bev_h,bev_w,grid_length=[0.512, 0.512],bev_pos=None,prev_bev=None,**kwargs):"""obtain bev features."""bs = mlvl_feats[0].size(0)bev_queries = bev_queries.unsqueeze(1).repeat(1, bs, 1)bev_pos = bev_pos.flatten(2).permute(2, 0, 1)# obtain rotation angle and shift with ego motiondelta_x = np.array([each['can_bus'][0].cpu().numpy() for each in kwargs['img_metas']])delta_x = torch.from_numpy(delta_x)delta_y = np.array([each['can_bus'][1].cpu().numpy() for each in kwargs['img_metas']])delta_y = torch.from_numpy(delta_y)ego_angle = np.array([each['can_bus'][-2] / np.pi * 180 for each in kwargs['img_metas']])ego_angle = torch.from_numpy(ego_angle.astype(np.float32))grid_length_y = grid_length[0]grid_length_x = grid_length[1]translation_length = torch.sqrt(delta_x ** 2 + delta_y ** 2)translation_angle = ((torch.atan(delta_y / (delta_x + 1e-8))+ ((1 - torch.sign(delta_x)) / 2) * torch.sign(delta_y) * np.pi)/ np.pi* 180)bev_angle = ego_angle - translation_angleshift_y = translation_length * \torch.cos(bev_angle / 180 * np.pi) / grid_length_y / bev_hshift_x = translation_length * \torch.sin(bev_angle / 180 * np.pi) / grid_length_x / bev_wshift_y = shift_y * int(self.use_shift)shift_x = shift_x * int(self.use_shift)shift = torch.stack([shift_x, shift_y]).permute(1, 0)#shift = 0if prev_bev is not None:if prev_bev.shape[1] == bev_h * bev_w:prev_bev = prev_bev.permute(1, 0, 2)if self.rotate_prev_bev:for i in range(bs):# num_prev_bev = prev_bev.size(1)rotation_angle = kwargs['img_metas'][i]['can_bus'][-1]tmp_prev_bev = prev_bev[:, i].reshape(bev_h, bev_w, -1).permute(2, 0, 1)tmp_prev_bev = rotate(tmp_prev_bev, rotation_angle,center=self.rotate_center)tmp_prev_bev = tmp_prev_bev.permute(1, 2, 0).reshape(bev_h * bev_w, 1, -1)prev_bev[:, i] = tmp_prev_bev[:, 0]# add can bus signalscan_bus = bev_queries.new_tensor([each['can_bus'].cpu().numpy() for each in kwargs['img_metas']])# [:, :]can_bus = self.can_bus_mlp(can_bus)[None, :, :]bev_queries = bev_queries + can_bus * int(self.use_can_bus)feat_flatten = []spatial_shapes = []for lvl, feat in enumerate(mlvl_feats):bs, num_cam, c, h, w = feat.shapespatial_shape = (h, w)feat = feat.flatten(3).permute(1, 0, 3, 2)if self.use_cams_embeds:feat = feat + self.cams_embeds[:, None, None, :].to(feat.dtype)feat = feat + self.level_embeds[None,None, lvl:lvl + 1, :].to(feat.dtype)spatial_shapes.append(spatial_shape)feat_flatten.append(feat)feat_flatten = torch.cat(feat_flatten, 2)spatial_shapes = torch.as_tensor(spatial_shapes, dtype=torch.long, device=bev_pos.device)level_start_index = torch.cat((spatial_shapes.new_zeros((1,)), spatial_shapes.prod(1).cumsum(0)[:-1]))feat_flatten = feat_flatten.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)# (num_cam, H*W, bs, embed_dims)bev_embed = self.encoder(bev_queries,feat_flatten,feat_flatten,bev_h=bev_h,bev_w=bev_w,bev_pos=bev_pos,spatial_shapes=spatial_shapes,level_start_index=level_start_index,prev_bev=prev_bev,shift=shift,**kwargs)return bev_embed

报错4：ValueError: only one element tensors can be converted to Python scalars

在encoder.py的point_sampling函数里面也有这个问题，直接注释掉95~99行，改为

lidar2img = img_metas[0]['lidar2img']

报错5：KeyError: ‘box_type_3d’

这里是bevformer模型输入比较特殊的地方，这个变量是一个类名，不是数据，大概的作用是对模型输出进行包装后处理的，我们在这里可以直接注释掉这一行

报错6：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator linspace to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported.

如果必须要用opset 11版本的torch.onnx转模型，这个地方会提示torch.linspace算子不支持，定位到算子在bevformer/modules/encoder.py的BEVFormerEncoder.get_reference_points函数中

可以选择使用torch.range()和torch.arrange()算子进行替换，这里我用torch.arange()，替换如下：

def get_reference_points(H, W, Z=8, num_points_in_pillar=4, dim='3d', bs=1, device='cuda', dtype=torch.float):"""Get the reference points used in SCA and TSA.Args:H, W: spatial shape of bev.Z: hight of pillar.D: sample D points uniformly from each pillar.device (obj:`device`): The device wherereference_points should be.Returns:Tensor: reference points used in decoder, has \shape (bs, num_keys, num_levels, 2)."""# reference points in 3D space, used in spatial cross-attention (SCA)if dim == '3d':zs = torch.cat((torch.arange(0.5,Z-0.5,(Z-1)/(num_points_in_pillar-1)), torch.Tensor([Z-0.5])),dim=0).view(-1, 1, 1).expand(num_points_in_pillar, H, W) / Zxs = torch.cat((torch.arange(0.5, W-0.5, (W-1)/(W-1)), torch.Tensor([W-0.5])),dim=0).view(1, 1, W).expand(num_points_in_pillar, H, W) / Wys = torch.cat((torch.arange(0.5, H-0.5, (H-1)/(H-1)), torch.Tensor([H-0.5])),dim=0).view(1, H, 1).expand(num_points_in_pillar, H, W) / Href_3d = torch.stack((xs, ys, zs), -1)ref_3d = ref_3d.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).flatten(2).permute(0, 2, 1)ref_3d = ref_3d[None].repeat(bs, 1, 1, 1)return ref_3d# reference points on 2D bev plane, used in temporal self-attention (TSA).elif dim == '2d':ref_y, ref_x = torch.meshgrid(torch.cat((torch.arange(0.5, H-0.5, (H-1)/(H-1)), torch.Tensor([H-0.5])),dim=0),torch.cat((torch.arange(0.5, W-0.5, (W-1)/(W-1)), torch.Tensor([W-0.5])),dim=0))ref_y = ref_y.reshape(-1)[None] / Href_x = ref_x.reshape(-1)[None] / Wref_2d = torch.stack((ref_x, ref_y), -1)ref_2d = ref_2d.repeat(bs, 1, 1).unsqueeze(2)return ref_2d

报错7：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator maximum to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported

提示maximum算子不支持，定位到算子位于evformer/modules/encoder.py的BEVFormerEncoder.point_sampling函数中，直接将torch.maximum()改为torch.max()效果是一样的。

报错8：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator nan_to_num to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported.

就在报错7的位置的下面一点点，有一个bev_mask=torch.nan_to_num(bev_mask)，这个地方在转onnx的时候可以直接去掉。

报错9：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator grid_sampler to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported

很经典的报错，定位算子，从这个函数点进去：

from mmcv.ops.multi_scale_deform_attn import multi_scale_deformable_attn_pytorch

先导入需要的函数：

from mmcv.ops.point_sample import bilinear_grid_sample

然后再multi_scale_deformable_attn_pytorch中将

sampling_value_l_ = F.grid_sample(value_l_,sampling_grid_l_,mode='bilinear',padding_mode='zeros',align_corners=False)

替换为：

sampling_value_l_ = bilinear_grid_sample(value_l_,sampling_grid_l_)

效果是一样的

并且将这个函数中的最后一行的reshape改为view

报错10：RuntimeError: view size is not compatible with input tensor’s size and stride (at least one dimension spans across two contiguous subspaces).

直接点进报错信息中的/mmcv/ops/point_sample.py中，找到x = x.view(n,-1)，改为：

x = x.contiguous().view(n, -1)y = y.contiguous().view(n, -1)

报错11：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator atan2 to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported.

atan2算子不支持，定位到算子位置在mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/projects/mmdet3d_plugin/core/bbox/util.py的31行，替换为：

rot = ((torch.atan((rot_sine / (rot_cosine + 1e-8)).sigmoid())+ ((1 - torch.sign(rot_cosine)) / 2) * torch.sign(rot_sine) * np.pi))

报错12：TypeError: _all() takes 2 positional arguments but 4 were given
(Occurred when translating all).

这个报错属于是torch版本比较低的缘故，但是由于bevformer的环境指定了torch==1.9.1所以不好直接更新torch版本，参考https://blog.csdn.net/andrewchen1985/article/details/125197226

从

from torch.onnx import symbolic_opset9

点进symbolic_opset9这个文件里面，定位到2440行，将def _any(g,input)和def _all(g, input)这；两个函数改为：

def _any(g, *args):# aten::any(Tensor self)if len(args) == 1:input = args[0]dim, keepdim = None, 0# aten::any(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim)else:input, dim, keepdim = argsdim = [_parse_arg(dim, "i")]keepdim = _parse_arg(keepdim, "i")input = _cast_Long(g, input, False)# type: ignore[name-defined]input_sum = sym_help._reducesum_helper(g, input, axes_i=dim, keepdims_i=keepdim)return gt(g, input_sum, g.op("Constant", value_t=torch.LongTensor([0]))) def _all(g, *args):input = g.op("Not", args[0])# aten::all(Tensor self)if len(args) == 1:return g.op("Not", _any(g, input))# aten::all(Tensor self, int dim, bool keepdim)else:return g.op("Not", _any(g, input, args[1], args[2]))————————————————版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「andrewchen1985」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/andrewchen1985/article/details/125197226

报错13：RuntimeError: Exporting the operator __iand_ to ONNX opset version 11 is not supported.

算子不支持，这个算子找了好久，定位到mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/projects/mmdet3d_plugin/core/bbox/coders/nms_free_coder.py的80行，意思是mask &= ……相与操作‘&’有问题，替换为：

mask = (mask.float()*((final_box_preds[..., :3] <= self.post_center_range[3:]).all(1)).float()).bool()

OK，到这里onnx初步转好了：

四、优化onnx

虽然转好了onnx，但是可以看到输出很多警告信息，实际上这个onnx可能还是有点问题的，我们先用onnx simplifier包优化一下：

import onnximport onnxsimonnx_path = '/×××/mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/ckpts/bevformer_tiny.onnx'model_onnx = onnx.load(onnx_path)# load onnx modelonnx.checker.check_model(model_onnx)# check onnx modelprint(onnx.helper.printable_graph(model_onnx.graph))# printsim_onnx_path = '/×××/mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/ckpts/bevformer_tiny_sim.onnx'print(f'simplifying with onnx-simplifier {onnxsim.__version__}...')model_onnx, check = onnxsim.simplify(model_onnx, check_n=3,skip_shape_inference=True)assert check, 'assert check failed'onnx.save(model_onnx, sim_onnx_path)

报错1：onnxruntime.capi.onnxruntime_pybind11_state.InvalidGraph: [ONNXRuntimeError] : 10 : INVALID_GRAPH : This is an invalid model. Type Error: Type ‘tensor(int64)’ of input parameter (8733) of operator (Clip) in node (Clip_7993) is invalid.

定位这个问题的过程比较繁琐，从mmcv.cnn.bricks.transformer.MultiheadAttention的self.attn中进入nn.MultiheadAttention，从nn.MultiheadAttention的forward中进入F.multi_head_attention_forward()，再从F.multi_head_attention_forward()中的_in_projection_packed()点进去

简单来说点进functional中

import torch.nn.functional

搜索_in_projection_packed，在第4729行将;

w_q, w_k, w_v = w.chunk(3)

改为：

w_q, w_k, w_v = w.split(int(w.shape[0]/3))

在第4734行将

b_q, b_k, b_v = b.chunk(3)

改为：

b_q, b_k, b_v = b.split(int(b.shape[0]/3))

另外，在SpatialCrossAttention的forward中的有一行 count = torch.clamp(count, min=1.0)

改为

count[count<1]=1

在decoder.py中的inverse_sigmoid函数由于存在torch.clamp函数，所以需要改写为

def inverse_sigmoid(x, eps=1e-5):"""Inverse function of sigmoid.Args:x (Tensor): The tensor to do theinverse.eps (float): EPS avoid numericaloverflow. Defaults 1e-5.Returns:Tensor: The x has passed the inversefunction of sigmoid, has sameshape with input."""#x = x.clamp(min=0, max=1)x[x1] = 1#x1 = x#.clamp(min=eps)x1 = x.clone()x1[x1<eps] = eps#x2 = (1 - x).clamp(min=eps)x2 = (1-x).clone()x2[x2<eps] = eps#return x1# / x2return torch.log(x1 / x2)

另外，也要把这个函数放到bevformer_head中，用来替换从mmdet.models.utils.transformer中导入的inverse_sigmoid

报错2：onnxruntime.capi.onnxruntime_pybind11_state.InvalidArgument: [ONNXRuntimeError] : 2 : INVALID_ARGUMENT : Non-zero status code returned while running Expand node. Name:’Expand_1855′ Status Message: invalid expand shape

关于expand算子的问题，

虽然还没搞清楚原因是啥，但是我知道咋改。定位到mmdetection3d/BEVFormer/projects/mmdet3d_plugin/bevformer/modules/spatial_cross_attention.py的SpatialCrossAttention的forward的forward里面，将

queries_rebatch[j, i, :len(index_query_per_img)] = query[j, index_query_per_img]

改为：

queries_rebatch[j, i, :len(index_query_per_img)] = query[j, np.array(index_query_per_img)]

下面一行的

reference_points_rebatch[j, i, :len(index_query_per_img)] = reference_points_per_img[j, index_query_per_img]

改为：

reference_points_rebatch[j, i, :len(index_query_per_img)] = reference_points_per_img[j, np.array(index_query_per_img)]

再在下面的

slots[j, index_query_per_img] += queries[j, i, :len(index_query_per_img)]

前面加一行

index_query_per_img = np.array(index_query_per_img)

报错3：Tensor 18362 changes after optimization. The max diff is 2.288818359375e-05.

提示优化结果有偏差，初步定位了一下位置，发现在后处理部分，也就是bevformer.py的self.pts_bbox_head.get_bboxes，暂且把这个去掉，让def simple_test_pts(self, x, img_metas, prev_bev=None, rescale=False):只输出outs，如下所示

def simple_test_pts(self, x, img_metas, prev_bev=None, rescale=False):"""Test function"""outs = self.pts_bbox_head(x, img_metas, prev_bev=prev_bev)return outs

然后重新生成onnx，并且优化

至此，bevformer_tiny的onnx转换和优化工作初步完成！！！

排错不易，点赞加收藏哦！！！