一、概述

二、数据库重启

# su到oracle用户下[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle#重启数据库[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nologSQL> conn /as sysdba# 关闭数据库SQL> shutdown immediate# 数据库启动SQL> startupSQL> exit

shutdown有四个参数，四个参数的含义如下：

  1. Normal 需要等待所有的用户断开连接

  2. Immediate 等待用户完成当前的语句

  3. Transactional 等待用户完成当前的事务

  4. Abort 不做任何等待，直接关闭数据库

  • normal需要在所有连接用户断开后才执行关闭数据库任务，所以有的时候看起来好象命令没有运行一样！在执行这个命令后不允许新的连接

  • immediate在用户执行完正在执行的语句后就断开用户连接，并不允许新用户连接。

  • transactional 在拥护执行完当前事物后断开连接，并不允许新的用户连接数据库。

  • abort 执行强行断开连接并直接关闭数据库。

前三种方式不回丢失用户数据。第四种在不的已的情况下，不建议采用！

经常遇到的问题：

  • 权限问题，解决方法，切换到oracle用户

  • 没有关闭监听器 ，解决方法：关闭监听器

  • 有oracle实例没有关闭，解决办法：关闭oracle实例

  • 环境变量设置不全，解决办法：修改环境变量

三、监听

1、常用命令

前提：登录用户有dba权限，能够进行查看

# 查看监听状态[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl status# 启用监听[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start# 停掉lsnrctl[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop# 退出oracle用户[oracle@localhost ~]$ exitlogout[root@localhost ~]#

2、案例

# 查看监听状态[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 18-JUL-2019 14:45:23 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 2: No such file or directoryConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521)))TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 111: Connection refused# 启动监听[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 18-JUL-2019 14:45:32 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.All rights reserved. Starting /Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /Database/oraapp/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/scorl/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - ProductionStart Date18-JUL-2019 14:45:32Uptime0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 17 secTrace Level offSecurityON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMPOFFListener Parameter File /Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /Database/oraapp/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/scorl/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "scorl.dyedu.cn" has 1 instance(s).Instance "scorl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully# 停掉lsnrctl [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-JAN-2018 08:00:14Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) The command completed successfully

这个命令会列出Oracle Net Listener的进程

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -antp | grep tnslsnr (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp 0 0 192.168.241.155:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6407/tnslsnr[oracle@localhost ~]$

四、使用plsql连接

用plsql连接到数据库，tnsnames.ora增加配置

TEST_DB155 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.241.155)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL) ) )

五、更换IP

有一次Linux的ip变了以后，出现了这个

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-SEP-2018 03:38:08Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.241.155)(PORT=1521))) TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested addressListener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

进去改了下ip就好了

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora