一、智能合约介绍

智能合约是指把合同/协议条款以代码的形式电子化地放到区块链网络上。FISCO BCOS平台支持两种智能合约类型：Solidity智能合约与预编译智能合约

Solidity与Java类似。代码写好后，都需要通过编译器将代码转换成二进制，在Java中，编译器是Javac，而对于Solidity，是solc。生成后的二进制代码，会放到虚拟机里执行。Java代码在Java虚拟机(JVM)中执行，在Solidity中，是一个区块链上的虚拟机EVM。目的，是给区块链提供一套统一的逻辑，让相同的代码跑在区块链的每个节点上，借助共识算法，让区块链的数据以统一的方式进行改变，达到全局一致的结果

设计目的：

为区块链提供一套统一的逻辑，让相同的代码跑在区块链的每个节点上，借助共识算法，让区块链的数据以统一的方式进行改变，达到全局一致的结果

Solidity 局限与改进

– Solidity不够灵活 受自身堆栈深度的限制,函数传参和局部参数的个数总和不能超过16个，Solidity是一种强类型的语言，但其类型转换较为麻烦- 性能差

底层存储单位是32字节(256 bits)，对硬盘的读写要求较高，浪费了大量的存储资源

针对上述两点，FISCO BCOS提供了一种用C++写合约方式：预编译合约。开发者可以用C++编写智能合约逻辑，并将其内置在节点中，

预编译合约突破了Solidity语言的限制，借助强大的C++语言，可以灵活的实现各种逻辑，灵活性大大提高。同时，C++的性能优势也得到了很好的利用，通过预编译合约编写的逻辑，相比于Solidity语言来说，性能得到提升

合约编写

开发工具:remix-ide的使用，开发编译过程选择在线remix

Remix是功能强大的开源工具，可帮助您直接从浏览器编写Solidity合同。Remix用JavaScript编写，支持在浏览器和本地使用。

Remix还支持智能合约的测试，调试和部署等等。

优点：

1. 动态编译、可调控编译版本2. 即时错误提醒3. 代码自动补全4. 发布阶段，代码问题提醒5. 对设计方法的简单调用

认识合约

例：

pragma solidity ^ 0.4.26;constant Sample{ //变量address表示账户地址address private _admin;uint private _state;//修饰符 ，为函数提供一些额外的功能，例如检查、清理等工作// 检测函数的调用者是否为函数部署时设定的那个管理员(即合约的部署人)modifier onlyAdmin(){require(msg.sender==_admin,"You are not admin");_;}//事件// 记录事件定义的参数，存储到区块链交易的日志中，提供廉价的存储。//提供一种回调机制，在事件执行成功后，由节点向注册监听的SDK发送回调通知，触发回调函数被执行。// 提供一个过滤器，支持参数的检索和过滤。event SetState(unit valule);//构造方法构造函数用于初始化合约constructor() public {_admin=msg.sender;} //函数 方法 function setSate(unit value) publiconlyAdmin(){ _state=value; emit SetState(value); } function getValue() public view return (uint){ return _state; }}

二、案列合约设计

逻辑如下：

定义：

– 定义事件方法AddEqu(string equnum, string data)- 构造函数中创建t_equipment表- 查询方法：select(string equnum)，根据设备编号查询设备备案信息，或使用记录。( 成功返回0, 设备不存在返回-1)- addEqu(string equnum, string data)，添加数据前校验数据唯一性，已存在不在插入

Eqump合约类图

Contract:Java与智能合约进行交互的实体合约类型抽象

ManagedTransaction: 交易管理

Eqump合约核心代码

Eqump.sol

pragma solidity^ 0.4.25;import "./Table.sol";contract Eqump{// eventevent AddEqu(string equnum, string data);//constructor()public {// 构造函数中创建t_equipment表createTable();}function createTable() private {TableFactory tf = TableFactory(0x1001); // 创建表tf.createTable("t_equipment", "equnum", "data");}function openTable() private viewreturns(Table) {TableFactory tf = TableFactory(0x1001);Table table = tf.openTable("t_equipment");return table;}/*描述 : 根据设备管理信息查询设备信息参数 ： equ_num : 设备编号返回值：参数一： 成功返回0, 设备不存在返回-1 */function select(string equnum) public view returns(int256, string) {// 打开表Table table = openTable();// 查询Entries entries = table.select(equnum, table.newCondition()); if (0 == uint256(entries.size())) {return (-1, "");} else {Entry entry = entries.get(0);return (0, entry.getString("data"));}}/*描述 : 添加信息参数 ： equnum : 案信息主键data: 信息返回值： 0 备案成功-1 备案信息已存在-2 其他错误*/function addEqu(string equnum, string data) public returns(int256){int256 ret_code = 0;Table table = openTable();Entries entries = table.select(equnum, table.newCondition());if(0 == uint256(entries.size())) {Entry entry = table.newEntry();entry.set("equnum", equnum);entry.set("data", data);// 插入int count = table.insert(equnum, entry);if (count == 1) {// 成功ret_code = 0;} else {// 失败" /> 
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;contract TableFactory {function openTable(string) public constant returns (Table);// 打开表function createTable(string,string,string) public returns(int);// 创建表}// 查询条件contract Condition {//等于function EQ(string, int) public;function EQ(string, string) public;//不等于function NE(string, int) public;function NE(string, string)public;//大于function GT(string, int) public;//大于或等于function GE(string, int) public;//小于function LT(string, int) public;//小于或等于function LE(string, int) public;//限制返回记录条数function limit(int) public;function limit(int, int) public;}// 单条数据记录contract Entry {function getInt(string) public constant returns(int);function getAddress(string) public constant returns(address);function getBytes64(string) public constant returns(byte[64]);function getBytes32(string) public constant returns(bytes32);function getString(string) public constant returns(string);function set(string, int) public;function set(string, string) public;function set(string, address) public;}// 数据记录集contract Entries {function get(int) public constant returns(Entry);function size() public constant returns(int);}// Table主类contract Table {// 查询接口function select(string, Condition) public constant returns(Entries);// 插入接口function insert(string, Entry) public returns(int);// 更新接口function update(string, Entry, Condition) public returns(int);// 删除接口function remove(string, Condition) public returns(int);function newEntry() public constant returns(Entry);function newCondition() public constant returns(Condition);}
编译发布
WeBASE简介：
WeBASE(WeBank Blockchain Application Software Extension) 是在区块链应用和FISCO-BCOS节点之间搭建的一套通用组件。围绕交易、合约、密钥管理，数据，可视化管理来设计各个模块，开发者可以根据业务所需，选择子系统进行部署。WeBASE屏蔽了区块链底层的复杂度，降低开发者的门槛，大幅提高区块链应用的开发效率，包含节点前置、节点管理、交易链路，数据导出，Web管理平台等子系统。
过程
  • - 编译发布
  • 测试验证发交易-->addEqu
{equnum : y1data:y1}
发交易-->select
{ equnum:y1}
基于web3sdk 调试Eqump
1. 在IDE⾥编写智能合约。2. 合约编写完成后，拿到fisco ckient 命令⾏⼯具内进⾏编译和⽣成java SDK的操作。 在/home/FISCO-BCOS/generator/console⽬录下执⾏⼀下命令,将合约解析成java SDK⽂件。
sh sol2java.sh com.wg.service
特点
  • - 轻量化配置，即可连接区块链节点
  • - 根据.sol 合约文件，一键生成.abi 和 .bin文件
  • - 一键生成java 合约文件
基于springboot-demo项目
applycation.yml
encrypt-type: # 0：普通， 1：国密encrypt-type: 0group-channel-connections-config:caCert: ca.crtsslCert: sdk.crtsslKey: sdk.keyall-channel-connections:- group-id: 1 #group IDconnections-str:# 若节点小于v2.3.0版本，查看配置项listen_ip:channel_listen_port- 127.0.0.1:20200 # node channel_listen_ip:channel_listen_port- 127.0.0.1:20201- group-id: 2connections-str:# 若节点小于v2.3.0版本，查看配置项listen_ip:channel_listen_port- 127.0.0.1:20202 # node channel_listen_ip:channel_listen_port- 127.0.0.1:20203channel-service:group-id: 1 # sdk实际连接的群组agency-name: fisco # 机构名称
SSL连接配置
国密区块链和非国密区块链环境下，节点与SDK之间均可以建立SSL的连接，将节点所在目录nodes/${ip}/sdk/目录下的ca.crt、sdk.crt和sdk.key文件拷贝到项目的资源目录。(低于2.1版本的FISCO BCOS节点目录下只有node.crt和node.key，需将其重命名为sdk.crt和sdk.key以兼容最新的SDK)
启动
无异常，看到区块链的版本、java环境地址、端口为正常启动。
2020-07-17 09:13:21,417 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.handler.ConnectionCallback] ConnectionCallback.java:267 -support channel handshake node: Version [buildTime=20200602 03:35:56, buildType=Linux/clang/Release, chainID=1, version=2.4.1, gitBranch=HEAD, gitCommit=f6f2b4f12d5441e24c81a7c862691636c9cb3263, supportedVersion=2.4.1], content: {"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"Build Time":"20200602 03:35:56","Build Type":"Linux/clang/Release","Chain Id":"1","FISCO-BCOS Version":"2.4.1","Git Branch":"HEAD","Git Commit Hash":"f6f2b4f12d5441e24c81a7c862691636c9cb3263","Supported Version":"2.4.1"}}2020-07-17 09:13:21,422 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.handler.ConnectionCallback] ConnectionCallback.java:167 -channel protocol handshake success, set socket channel protocol, host: 10.2.23.16:20200, channel protocol: ChannelProtocol [protocol=3, nodeVersion=2.4.1, EnumProtocol=VERSION_3]2020-07-17 09:13:21,424 [restartedMain] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service] Service.java:373 -Connect tonodes: [10.2.23.16:20200] ,groupId: 1 ,caCert: class path resource [ca.crt] ,sslKey: class path resource [sdk.key] ,sslCert: class path resource [sdk.crt] ,java version: 1.8.0_151 ,java vendor: Oracle Corporation2020-07-17 09:13:21,432 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.handler.ConnectionCallback] ConnectionCallback.java:338 -send update topic message request, seq: 89300763da2a4279bcb49b4b8187e477, content: ["_block_notify_1"]2020-07-17 09:13:21,434 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.handler.ConnectionCallback] ConnectionCallback.java:370 -query block number host: 10.2.23.16:20200, seq: 0db7f13819ec425c8d9494cb68cd98cd, content: {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"getBlockNumber","params":[1],"id":1}2020-07-17 09:13:21,440 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.handler.ConnectionCallback] ConnectionCallback.java:395 -query blocknumer, host:10.2.23.16:20200, blockNumber: 336 
验证
编写单元测试
核心代码
package org.fisco.bcos;import org.fisco.bcos.constants.GasConstants;import org.fisco.bcos.solidity.Eqump;import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.crypto.Credentials;import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.protocol.Web3j;import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.tuples.generated.Tuple2;import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.tx.gas.StaticGasProvider;import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import java.math.BigInteger;import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;/** * 财政部大型设备合约单元测试 */public class EqumpTest extends BaseTest {@Autowiredprivate Web3j web3j;@Autowiredprivate Credentials credentials;/** * 部署调用合约 * @throws Exception */@Testpublic void deployAndCall() throws Exception {// deploy contractEqump eqump =Eqump.deploy(web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(GasConstants.GAS_PRICE, GasConstants.GAS_LIMIT)).send();if (eqump != null) {System.out.println("Eqump address is: " + eqump.getContractAddress());// call set functioneqump.addEqu("1A2B","12312").send();// call get functionTuple2 send = eqump.select("1A2B").send();System.out.println(send.getValue1());System.out.println(send.getValue2());assertTrue("Eqump!".equals(send));}}/** * 查询 * @throws Exception */@Testpublic void queryAndCall() throws Exception {// deploy contractEqump eqump =Eqump.deploy(web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(GasConstants.GAS_PRICE, GasConstants.GAS_LIMIT)).send();if (eqump != null) {System.out.println("Eqump address is: " + eqump.getContractAddress());// call set function// call get functionTuple2 send = eqump.select("y6").send();System.out.println(send.getValue1());System.out.println(send.getValue2());}}}
核心业务代码
/** * 添加设备信息 * * @param dataArray * @throws InterruptedException */private void addIpassItem(JSONArray dataArray) {System.out.println("===========================addIpassItem 添加设备信息业务开始================================");try {Eqump eqump =Eqump.deploy(web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(GasConstants.GAS_PRICE, GasConstants.GAS_LIMIT)).send();for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.size(); i++) {List list = (List) dataArray.getJSONObject(i).get("equipmentInfor");long startime = System.currentTimeMillis();for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {JSONObject jobj = (JSONObject) list.get(j);String sbbh = StringUtil.validator(jobj.get("设备编号"));String jsonStr = StringUtil.validator(jobj);if (eqump != null) {System.out.println("Eqump address is: " + eqump.getContractAddress());eqump.addEqu(sbbh,jsonStr).send();}}System.out.println("耗时：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startime) + " 毫秒");}} catch (NumberFormatExceptione) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("===========================addIpassItem 添加设备信息业务结束================================");}/** * 添加设备使用信息 * * @param dataArray * @throws InterruptedException */private void addIpassUse(JSONArray dataArray) {System.out.println("===========================addIpassUse 添加设备信息业务开始================================");try {for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.size(); i++) {List list = (List) dataArray.getJSONObject(i).get("equipmentUsageRec");long startime = System.currentTimeMillis();for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {JSONObject jobj = (JSONObject) list.get(j);String sbbh = StringUtil.validator(jobj.get("设备编号"));String jsonStr = StringUtil.validator(jobj);Eqump eqump =Eqump.deploy(web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(GasConstants.GAS_PRICE, GasConstants.GAS_LIMIT)).send();if (eqump != null) {System.out.println("Eqump address is: " + eqump.getContractAddress());eqump.addEqu(sbbh,jsonStr).send();}}System.out.println("耗时：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startime) + " 毫秒");}} catch (NumberFormatExceptione) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("===========================addIpassUse 添加设备信息业务结束================================");}
日志信息
===========================addIpassItem 添加设备信息业务开始================================2020-07-23 17:20:57,261 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.web3j.utils.Async] Async.java:19 -default set setExeutor , pool size is 502020-07-23 17:20:57,262 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.web3j.utils.Async] Async.java:81 -set setExeutor because executor null, executor is java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@3ac27c97[Running, pool size = 0, active threads = 0, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0]2020-07-23 17:20:57,458 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service] Service.java:1388 - Receive block notify: {"blockNumber":353,"groupID":1}Eqump address is: 0x0066699656ac8bc09ec364858680f2357f899ae02020-07-23 17:21:01,012 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service] Service.java:1388 - Receive block notify: {"blockNumber":354,"groupID":1}Eqump address is: 0x0066699656ac8bc09ec364858680f2357f899ae02020-07-23 17:21:02,807 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service] Service.java:1388 - Receive block notify: {"blockNumber":355,"groupID":1}Eqump address is: 0x0066699656ac8bc09ec364858680f2357f899ae02020-07-23 17:21:04,341 [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] INFO[org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service] Service.java:1388 - Receive block notify: {"blockNumber":356,"groupID":1}耗时：6593 毫秒===========================addIpassItem 添加设备信息业务结束================================
webase验证
{"序号":"3","仪器名称":"600MHz超导核磁共振仪","仪器型号":"Avance III 600","设备编号":"Avance III 600","所属单位":"昆明植物研究所 ","所属区域中心":"昆明生物多样性大型仪器区域中心","制造商名称":"瑞士布鲁克公司 ","国别":"瑞士","购置时间":"20100109","放置地点":"分析测试中心101","预约审核人":"李波 ","操作人员":"李波 ","仪器工作状态":"正常 ","预约形式":"必须预约 ","预约类型":"项目预约","仪器大类":"室内分析测试设备","仪器中类":"波谱仪器 ","仪器小类":"核磁共振波谱仪器"}
资料及参考
spring-boot-starter
Solidity官方文档
FISCO BCOS学习资料索引
在线remix
remix-ide的使用