PHP laravel实现配置使用多数据库

有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。

Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。

配置很简单。

在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：

Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接

  'connections' => [          'sqlite' => [            'driver' => 'sqlite',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),            'prefix' => '',            'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),        ],          'mysql' => [            'driver' => 'mysql',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,            'strict' => true,            'engine' => null,            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),            ]) : [],        ],          'pgsql' => [            'driver' => 'pgsql',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,            'schema' => 'public',            'sslmode' => 'prefer',        ],          'sqlsrv' => [            'driver' => 'sqlsrv',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,        ],      ],

默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。

如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。

如下面所示：

我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接

'connections' => [          'sqlite' => [            'driver' => 'sqlite',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),            'prefix' => '',            'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),        ],          // 本地数据库，存储本地数据        'mysql' => [            'driver' => 'mysql',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'xxxxx'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', xxxx),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', xxxx),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', xxxxxxx'),            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,            'strict' => false,            'engine' => null,            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),            ]) : [],        ],          // 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据        'mysql_base' => [            'driver' => 'mysql',            'read' => [                'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx'),            ],            'write' => [                'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx')            ],            'port' => env('DB_PORT_BASE', xxxx),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE_BASE', xxxx),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME_BASE', xxxxxx),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD_BASE', 'xxxxx'),            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',            'prefix' => '',            'strict' => false,            'engine' => null,        ],          'pgsql' => [            'driver' => 'pgsql',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,            'schema' => 'public',            'sslmode' => 'prefer',        ],          'sqlsrv' => [            'driver' => 'sqlsrv',            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),            'charset' => 'utf8',            'prefix' => '',            'prefix_indexes' => true,        ],         // oracle 数据库连接        'oracle' => [            'driver' => 'oracle',            'host' => '210.30.64.37',            'port' => xxx,            'database' => '',            'service_name' => xxxxx,            'username' => xxx_xxxx,            'password' => xxxx_xxxx,            'charset' => 'AL32UTF8',            'prefix' => '',        ]      ],

我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：

1：使用原生sql

DB::connection('oracle')->select("SELECT * from  xxxxx WHERE XH = '{$personal_id}' AND XM = '{$name}'")

2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：

$userinfo = DB::connection('mysql_base')->table('user')                                                ->where('personal_id', '=', $data['personal_id'])                                                ->where('name', '=', $data['name'])                                                ->where('school_id', '=', $data['school_id'])                                                ->select('id', 'type', 'school_id', 'personal_id', 'name', 'email', 'ilab_user', 'ilab_pwd')                                                ->first();

最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。

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