参考文档:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/f439ce5cc0be
https://www.w3cschool.cn/socket
demo流程示意图(用户A向用户B推送视频):
demo运行效果
由于CSDN限制了上传gif文件的大小,故整个操作流程拆分成以下几个步骤:
打开网页A获取本地视频:
点击呼叫交换网页的信令和ice信息并开始视频流推送:
点击挂断退出视频流推送:
为了方便展示完整的交互流程,网页A和网页B都是在同一台PC上打开,实际上演示效果和局域网内用两台PC分开打开网页A和网页B是一样的。
准备条件
- 网页A所在PC需要准备好外接USB摄像头;
- 启动https server所需的私钥和证书(可以用openSSL工具生成,如启动的是http server,则不需要)。
demo源码
创建前端工程
新建一个文件夹,然后在文件夹内执行以下命令创建前端工程:
npm init
下载依赖
参考以下package.json内容下载依赖库(参考文档中使用的socket.io为2.x版本,demo中的部分代码针对4.x版本有做适配调整,想要在本地一次运行成功,所有的依赖库版本务必与demo保持一致):
{"name": "webrtc","version": "1.0.0","description": "","main": "index.js","scripts": {"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"},"author": "liqing","license": "ISC","dependencies": {"express": "^4.17.3","socket.io": "^4.4.1"}}
服务端
在项目根目录创建index.js(本地运行时注意修改私钥、证书的地址以及server IP),代码如下:
/* * @Author: liqing * @Date: 2022-03-29 11:18:39 * @LastEditors: liqing * @LastEditTime: 2023-08-02 14:51:25 * @Description: description * DEMO参考文档:https://www.jianshu.com/p/f439ce5cc0be * 注意socket.io的版本: * 如果使用4.x版本,io.sockets.adapter.rooms[room]无法获得房间信息(3.x版本以后rooms返回的是Set,不再是对象了) * 如果使用2.0.3版本,navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia不可用(未验证需要如何修改) */'use strict'var express = require('express');var fs = require('fs');var app = express();const options = {key: fs.readFileSync('D:/my/cakey.pem'),cert: fs.readFileSync('D:/my/cacert.pem')};var http = require('https').createServer(options, app);// var http = require('http').createServer(app);// socket.io API地址:https://www.w3cschool.cn/socketvar io = require('socket.io')(http);// 静态资源代理app.use('/css', express.static('css'));app.use('/js', express.static('js'));app.use('/img', express.static('img'));app.use('/module', express.static('module'));// 路由配置// app.get('/', function (request, response) {// response.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html');// });app.get('/userA', function (request, response) {response.sendFile(__dirname + "/userA.html")});app.get('/userB', function (request, response) {response.sendFile(__dirname + "/userB.html")});app.get('/userC', function (request, response) {response.sendFile(__dirname + "/userC.html")});app.get('/rtsp', function (request, response) {response.sendFile(__dirname + "/index.html")});io.on('connection', function (socket) {console.log(`有用户加入进来 and socket.id is ${socket.id}`);socket.on('signal', function (message) {socket.to('room').emit('signal', message);});socket.on('ice', function (message) {socket.to('room').emit('ice', message);});socket.on('create or join', function (room) {// 当前使用的socket.io版本为4.4.1,原代码中io.sockets.adapter.rooms返回的已经不是对象,而是一个Set,因此原来的io.sockets.adapter.rooms[room]必定返回undefinedvar clientsInRoom = io.sockets.adapter.rooms.get(room);if (typeof clientsInRoom === "undefined") {socket.join(room);socket.emit('create', room, socket.id);console.log('caller joined');} else {socket.join(room);socket.to(room).emit('call');console.log('callee joined');}});});/** * 注意:如果定义的是http server,则在访问页面时会禁止页面调用摄像头/麦克风设备 * 规避方案:访问chrome://flags/,找到Insecure origins treated as secure配置项,把http://192.168.0.106:8080加入例外清单 * 本地运行时需要把下面的IP替换成本地的IP */var server = http.listen(8080, '192.168.0.106', function () {var host = server.address().address;var port = server.address().port;console.log(`listening on:http://${host}:${port}`);});/** * 服务端代码不涉及任何webRTC内容,socket.io同步的消息不涉及音视频流 */
https server启动所需的私钥(cakey.pem),可以保存在本地任意路径,但要注意同步修改index.js中的引用地址:
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----MIICXAIBAAKBgQCt4/3uQFLgyOGa0lFD8Y6QiVALVOwj1dV0ScMwtXskw0YvBqDktvW/xHFftmcqHj0/J8rBTcBXnQKPW/mAedE1jObkpUdv5h0VPI/dJ/uuFm/CoZr0cKFwzY3hOPfNxXj/1wu7RA+eEbZXy1QaGETAb4reIp94gwc500Uvf0yzSwIDAQABAoGBAI9RrRW0AFryVjdjhsUoD2eDNOzSBnqWoIJi1TSNLzyikXLq1KsNPMjcYNERJkApgjNOWacurQvJBbYgiShhvpI2bvnm12cq06Yh7NeWGwlejNXUV7PpvOptPUXDAn1hCyxdBp0eKDkh+ygbnPPsJQPes8sQvhJZ0TokgivEDKtRAkEA5KllwmzABQ8CPlCQpEcU/Ukp4WNGsd5dBzMgxV5yHqvS4oSOgr4mwl78kLFRb4aS0KqHl7q3ztmpqOmlQHJjWQJBAMKuOdt4Aec7N6eVD6MGfjfbRW5RVjN/5ScByvKzIkc/UC/nVRMTkCS/JQQPpVcrD8mKzohiwTARizptb04660MCQBGEvOwZYtjAXp6hk4NSgtQo79F5xqfH7n6ntyIH61xYM67xEu4HXXbUyirXuvJ9b/AWsI66Wmy5llr/k46NdPkCQBdjGL49x3TAz2nJZWx/PjB1nfyntsRPC/dIptnLHUYT3A01LCozgnB3qfm363PyT14116PYwT6GDQTC2sk6GMMCQERslIy4tmWDq4P+Nf5GYV8h3ZaD0OA6GhbdfrozxhyIKC7GI/hF8XaTAWM8U0Lw/VFVNS3C2WzuAfPFbmoAUI0=-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
https server启动所需的证书(cacert.pem),可以保存在本地任意路径,但要注意同步修改index.js中的引用地址:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIICZjCCAc+gAwIBAgIUCn88IxDVmvZKqgVaCVCPioC7DccwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwRTELMAkGA1UEBhMCQVUxEzARBgNVBAgMClNvbWUtU3RhdGUxITAfBgNVBAoMGEludGVybmV0IFdpZGdpdHMgUHR5IEx0ZDAeFw0yMjA3MDUwOTIyNTBaFw0yMjA4MDQwOTIyNTBaMEUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIDApTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKDBhJbnRlcm5ldCBXaWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAK3j/e5AUuDI4ZrSUUPxjpCJUAtU7CPV1XRJwzC1eyTDRi8GoOS29b/EcV+2ZyoePT8nysFNwFedAo9b+YB50TWM5uSlR2/mHRU8j90n+64Wb8KhmvRwoXDNjeE4983FeP/XC7tED54RtlfLVBoYRMBvit4in3iDBznTRS9/TLNLAgMBAAGjUzBRMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTzVCK2pDw/w/OfmtAQQHXCvv9NxDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTzVCK2pDw/w/OfmtAQQHXCvv9NxDAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4GBAJ7jf6ZTGXy5UWgN4nsfg3R/MA/FWbacatUwLrHH5U/vP6oxFY5a4q7Cth4ayRagU7jF2kz6zZeEL0M+6b9Ysio9DquEbYnhUAnJBRm8l51wHkH5/fwQGYoKQlUx8R2vM84lHn/FPZazKOuIoaxSLGwwubn5BnW6N4W+HMbtRNa8-----END CERTIFICATE-----
客户端
在项目根目录创建userA.html,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>userA</title></head><body><div class="container"><h1>userA</h1><hr><div class="video_container" align="center"><video id="local_video" controls="controls" autoplay muted></video></div><hr><button id="startButton">获取本地视频</button><button id="callButton">呼叫</button><button id="hangupButton">挂断</button><!-- --><script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script><!-- --><script src="js/userA.js"></script></div></body></html>
在项目根目录创建js文件夹,在文件夹内创建userA.js,代码如下:
/* * @Author: liqing * @Date: 2022-03-29 11:17:08 * @LastEditors: liqing * @LastEditTime: 2023-06-08 10:21:12 * @Description: description */'use strict'var localVideo = document.getElementById('local_video');var startButton = document.getElementById('startButton');var callButton = document.getElementById('callButton');var hangupButton = document.getElementById('hangupButton');var pc;var localStream;var socket = io.connect();var config = {'iceServers': [{'urls': 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302'}]};const offerOptions = {offerToReceiveVideo: 1,offerToReceiveAudio: 1};callButton.disabled = false;hangupButton.disabled = true;startButton.addEventListener('click', startAction);callButton.addEventListener('click', callAction);hangupButton.addEventListener('click', hangupAction);function gotDevices(infos) {// document.getElementById("data").innerHTML = JSON.stringify(infos);}function startAction() {try {// 测试获取设备后置摄像头navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices().then(gotDevices);// 关于navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia的定义可以参考https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/MediaDevices/getUserMedianavigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ video: true, audio: false }).then(function (mediastream) {// 把音视频流放入变量localStream以及localVideo这个dom中localStream = mediastream;localVideo.srcObject = mediastream;startButton.disabled = true;}).catch(function (e) {// 如果获取本地音视频时无外接设备(摄像头/麦克风)则会提示exception is NotFoundError: Requested device not foundconsole.log(`exception is ${e}`);alert(`exception is ${e}`);});} catch (e) {alert(`startAction exception is ${e}`);}}function callAction() {callButton.disabled = true;hangupButton.disabled = false;// pc = new RTCPeerConnection(config);// 创建一个本地到远端的webRTC对象pc = new RTCPeerConnection();// 获取媒体流中的轨道信息let tracks = localStream.getTracks();// 向上面生成的webRTC对象注入轨道信息tracks.forEach(track => pc.addTrack(track, localStream));// 作为源端创建offer对象(包含源端的媒体信息和编解码信息)pc.createOffer(offerOptions).then(function (offer) {// 在webRTC对象中记录offer信息(注意记录本端信息调用的是setLocalDescription,记录对端信息调用的是setRemoteDescription)console.log(`offer is ${JSON.stringify(offer)}`);pc.setLocalDescription(offer);// 同步offer信息给目的端(offer对象中的SDP参数含义可以参考https://blog.csdn.net/m370809968/article/details/88195181,SDP即为信令)socket.emit('signal', offer);});// 当webRTC对象调用setLocalDescription方法时会抛出icecandidate事件(即触发以下监听的回调)// 问题:为什么调用setLocalDescription方法会抛出icecandidate事件两次(两次信息不完全相同,如端口)pc.addEventListener('icecandidate', function (event) {var iceCandidate = event.candidate;console.log(`iceCandidate is ${JSON.stringify(iceCandidate)}`);if (iceCandidate) {// 同步补充描述信息给目的端(通过SDP协商结果进行信息交换),描述信息包括协议、IP、端口、优先级等等信息// 问题:为什么这些描述信息不可以放在信令中socket.emit('ice', iceCandidate);}});// 当信令和补充信息双方同步完成后即可开始会商}function hangupAction() {localStream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());pc.close();pc = null;hangupButton.disabled = true;callButton.disabled = true;startButton.disabled = false;}socket.on('create', function (room, id) {console.log('userA创建聊天房间');console.log(room + id);});socket.on('call', function () {console.log('enter call');callButton.disabled = false;});// 监听目的端同步的offer信息socket.on('signal', function (message) {if (pc !== 'undefined') {// 在webRTC对象中记录目的端offer信息(注意记录本端信息调用的是setLocalDescription,记录对端信息调用的是setRemoteDescription)pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(message));setTimeout(function () {console.log(`remote answer is ${JSON.stringify(pc.remoteDescription)}`);}, 1000);}});socket.on('ice', function (message) {if (pc !== 'undefined') {pc.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(message));console.log('become candidate');}});socket.emit('create or join', 'room');
在项目根目录创建userB.html,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>对方的视频</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></head><body><div class="container"><h1>对方的视频</h1><hr><div class="video_container" align="center"><video id="remote_video" controls autoplay></video></div><hr><script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script><!-- --><script src="js/userB.js"></script></div></body></html>
在js文件夹内创建userB.js,代码如下:
/* * @Author: liqing * @Date: 2022-03-29 11:17:53 * @LastEditors: liqing * @LastEditTime: 2022-07-06 15:45:34 * @Description: description */'use strict'var remoteVideo = document.getElementById('remote_video');var socket = io.connect();var config = {'iceServers': [{'urls': 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302'}]};var pc;socket.emit('create or join', 'room');socket.on('join', function (room, id) {console.log('userB加入房间');});// 监听源端同步的offer信息socket.on('signal', function (message) {console.log(`enter signal userB`);// pc = new RTCPeerConnection(config);// 创建一个本地到远端的webRTC对象,因为目的端是被动接收方,故在源端同步消息后才创建pc = new RTCPeerConnection();// 在webRTC对象中记录源端offer信息(注意记录本端信息调用的是setLocalDescription,记录对端信息调用的是setRemoteDescription)pc.setRemoteDescription(new RTCSessionDescription(message));// 作为目的端创建offer对象(包含目的端的媒体信息和编解码信息)pc.createAnswer().then(function (answer) {// 在webRTC对象中记录目的端offer信息(注意记录本端信息调用的是setLocalDescription,记录对端信息调用的是setRemoteDescription)pc.setLocalDescription(answer);// 同步offer信息给源端socket.emit('signal', answer);});pc.addEventListener('icecandidate', function (event) {var iceCandidate = event.candidate;if (iceCandidate) {console.log(`iceCandidate is ${JSON.stringify(iceCandidate)}`);socket.emit('ice', iceCandidate);}});pc.addEventListener('addstream', function (event) {remoteVideo.srcObject = event.stream;});});socket.on('ice', function (message) {console.log(`get ice message`);pc.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(message));});
运行项目
在根目录下执行以下命令启动服务端:
node index.js
服务端运行成功如下图:
在浏览器(chrome)中分别打开以下两个地址模拟用户A访问和用户B访问(注意本地运行时需要切换为本机IP):
https://192.168.0.106:8080/userAhttps://192.168.0.106:8080/userB
在userA页面点击获取本地视频按钮,此时如果浏览器是初次调用摄像头设备,则会有如下安全提示:
点击允许后userA页面就可以在网页中获取到自己的视频:
然后在userA页面点击呼叫,在userB页面就可以播放userA的视频:
在userA页面点击挂断即可终止视频推送,此时userB页面会停留在userA页面推送视频的最后一帧。
注意点
- 服务端存在的意义仅仅是帮助两个客户端完成信令及ice信息的交换:当网页A和网页B开始视频流推送时即使停掉nodejs服务,也不会影响视频通信;
- demo只能让局域网内的两台PC完成视频通信,如果希望在公网的两台PC可以视频通信,则需要配置iceServers(demo中有相关代码,但在构造RTCPeerConnection对象时未使用相应的配置)。
备注
启动服务端成功,页面访问时服务端报错:
原因:这是由于node版本过低导致的,出现问题的node版本是8.11.1,切换为20.10.0后问题修复。