使用Python绘制圣诞树教程（附源代码）

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又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了，作为程序猿那必须露一手，最终效果图如下：

目录

1.turtle库

2.实现步骤

（1）导入库

（2）定义基本绘图方法

（3）画树身

（4）画装饰小物件

（5）祝福语

3.完整代码

1.turtle库

turtle（海龟）是Python重要的标准库之一，它能够进行基本的图形绘制，其概念诞生于1969年。turtle是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。

turtle的绘图原理：

• 有一只海龟处于画布正中心，由程序控制在画布上游走；
• 海龟走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形
• 海龟由程序控制，可改变其大小，颜色等

2.实现步骤

（1）导入库

from turtle import *from random import *import math

（2）定义基本绘图方法

def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数fd(Fd)# 向前Fd个距离right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数fd(Fd)# 向前Fd个距离left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):penup()goto(x, y)seth(range)fd(Fd)pendown() def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):changeMypos(x,y)Leftdraw(6,3,9)seth(0)Rightdraw(6,3,9)seth(0)fd(6)

（3）画树身

# 树顶层seth(-120)Rightdraw(10,12,2)changeMypos(0,185,-60)Leftdraw(10,12,2)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)# 第一层的波浪for i in range(4):Rightdraw(5,7,15)seth(-150)penup()fd(2)pendown()# 二层changeMypos(-55,70,-120)Rightdraw(10,8,5)changeMypos(50,73,-60)Leftdraw(10,8,5)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-145)pendown()# 第二层的波浪for i in range(5):Rightdraw(5,9,15)seth(-152.5)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树三层changeMypos(-100,0,-120)Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)changeMypos(80,0,-50)Leftdraw(10,6,3)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-145)# 第三次的波浪for i in range(6):Rightdraw(5,9,15)seth(-152)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树四层changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)Rightdraw(7,10,4)changeMypos(100,-55,-50)Leftdraw(7,10,5)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-155)# 第四层的波浪for i in range(7):Rightdraw(5,9,13)seth(-155)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树根changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)Leftdraw(3,8,3)changeMypos(70,-120,-95)Rightdraw(3,8,3)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)Rightdraw(10,12,2)# 画树枝drawBranch(45,-80)drawBranch(-70,-25)drawBranch(-20,40)

（4）画装饰小物件

五角星

# 画五角星def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):pensize(1)color("red","yellow")begin_fill()changeMypos(x,y,Range)for i in range(5): #画五角星forward(10*size)right(144)#五角星的角度forward(10*size)left(72)#继续换角度end_fill()right(126)

雪花

# 绘制雪花def drawSnow():hideturtle()speed(0)pencolor("white")pensize(2)for i in range(80): # 雪花数量changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6snowSize = int(randint(2,10))for j in range(petalNumber):fd(snowSize)backward(snowSize)right(360/petalNumber)

圣诞袜子

# 圣诞袜子def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):# 绘制袜子的白边pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("black","white")begin_fill()fd(20*size)circle(3*size,180)fd(20*size)circle(3*size,180)end_fill()# 绘制袜子的下半部分color("white","red")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40seth(180+range)fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10circle(7*size,180)#袜子头处的半圆形fd(21*size) #袜子宽42seth(90+range)d = distance(finalx,finaly)#找到袜子底部与白边的距离fd(d)seth(range+180)fd(16*size) end_fill()

圣诞帽

# 圣诞帽def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):# 绘制帽白边pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("white","white")begin_fill()fd(20*size)circle(-3*size,180)fd(20*size)circle(-3*size,180)end_fill()# 绘制帽子上半部分color("white","red")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)seth(190)Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)goto(finalx,finaly)goto(startx,starty)end_fill()# 绘制圣诞帽上的小球changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)begin_fill()color("white","white")circle(-2.5*size)end_fill()

彩带

# 绘制彩带def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):begin_fill()color("red","red")seth(range+40)fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))seth(range+90)fd(20/3*size)seth(range-140)fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))seth(range-90)fd(20/3*size)end_fill()

糖果

# 圣诞糖果def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):# 绘制糖体pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("white","white")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)circle(-40/3*size,180)circle(-8/3*size,180)circle(22/3*size,180)goto(finalx,finaly)goto(startx,starty)end_fill()# 绘制下面三条彩带color("white")changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)fd(10/3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)# 绘制弧线段的彩带changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)circle(-13.3*size,55)x1 =xcor()y1 =ycor()begin_fill()circle(-13.3*size,80)right(75)fd(6.3*size)right(115)circle(7*size,85)goto(x1,y1)end_fill()

（5）祝福语

# 祝福语color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色penup()goto(0,-230)write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小

3.完整代码

from turtle import *from random import *import math # 绘图方法def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数fd(Fd)# 向前Fd个距离right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数fd(Fd)# 向前Fd个距离left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度 # 背景改为黑色screensize(bg='black')# 重设海龟位置def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):penup()goto(x, y)seth(range)fd(Fd)pendown() def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):changeMypos(x,y)Leftdraw(6,3,9)seth(0)Rightdraw(6,3,9)seth(0)fd(6) # 画五角星def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):pensize(1)color("red","yellow")begin_fill()changeMypos(x,y,Range)for i in range(5): #画五角星forward(10*size)right(144)#五角星的角度forward(10*size)left(72)#继续换角度end_fill()right(126) # 绘制雪花def drawSnow():hideturtle()speed(0)pencolor("white")pensize(2)for i in range(80): # 雪花数量changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6snowSize = int(randint(2,10))for j in range(petalNumber):fd(snowSize)backward(snowSize)right(360/petalNumber) # 圣诞袜子def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):# 绘制袜子的白边pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("black","white")begin_fill()fd(20*size)circle(3*size,180)fd(20*size)circle(3*size,180)end_fill()# 绘制袜子的下半部分color("white","red")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40seth(180+range)fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10circle(7*size,180)#袜子头处的半圆形fd(21*size) #袜子宽42seth(90+range)d = distance(finalx,finaly)#找到袜子底部与白边的距离fd(d)seth(range+180)fd(16*size) end_fill() # 圣诞帽def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):# 绘制帽白边pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("white","white")begin_fill()fd(20*size)circle(-3*size,180)fd(20*size)circle(-3*size,180)end_fill()# 绘制帽子上半部分color("white","red")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)seth(190)Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)goto(finalx,finaly)goto(startx,starty)end_fill()# 绘制圣诞帽上的小球changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)begin_fill()color("white","white")circle(-2.5*size)end_fill() # 绘制彩带def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):begin_fill()color("red","red")seth(range+40)fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))seth(range+90)fd(20/3*size)seth(range-140)fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))seth(range-90)fd(20/3*size)end_fill() # 圣诞糖果def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):# 绘制糖体pensize(1)changeMypos(x,y,range)color("white","white")begin_fill()startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)circle(-40/3*size,180)circle(-8/3*size,180)circle(22/3*size,180)goto(finalx,finaly)goto(startx,starty)end_fill()# 绘制下面三条彩带color("white")changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)fd(10/3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)# 绘制弧线段的彩带changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)circle(-13.3*size,55)x1 =xcor()y1 =ycor()begin_fill()circle(-13.3*size,80)right(75)fd(6.3*size)right(115)circle(7*size,85)goto(x1,y1)end_fill() setup(500,500,startx = None,starty = None)title("Merry Christmas")speed(0)pencolor("green")pensize(10)hideturtle()changeMypos(0,185,0)# 树顶层seth(-120)Rightdraw(10,12,2)changeMypos(0,185,-60)Leftdraw(10,12,2)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)# 第一层的波浪for i in range(4):Rightdraw(5,7,15)seth(-150)penup()fd(2)pendown()# 二层changeMypos(-55,70,-120)Rightdraw(10,8,5)changeMypos(50,73,-60)Leftdraw(10,8,5)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-145)pendown()# 第二层的波浪for i in range(5):Rightdraw(5,9,15)seth(-152.5)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树三层changeMypos(-100,0,-120)Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)changeMypos(80,0,-50)Leftdraw(10,6,3)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-145)# 第三次的波浪for i in range(6):Rightdraw(5,9,15)seth(-152)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树四层changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)Rightdraw(7,10,4)changeMypos(100,-55,-50)Leftdraw(7,10,5)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)seth(-155)# 第四层的波浪for i in range(7):Rightdraw(5,9,13)seth(-155)penup()fd(3)pendown()# 树根changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)Leftdraw(3,8,3)changeMypos(70,-120,-95)Rightdraw(3,8,3)changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)Rightdraw(10,12,2)# 画树枝drawBranch(45,-80)drawBranch(-70,-25)drawBranch(-20,40) # 添加挂件drawHat(-25,175,-10,2.5)drawCandy(-75,-50,-10,1)drawCandy(10,40,-10,1.2)drawStar(110,-90,80,1)drawStar(-120,-100,50,1)drawStar(-90,-50,20,1)drawStar(90,-25,30,1)drawSock(10,-35,-10,2)drawSock(-40,100,10,1)drawStar(-20,40,30,1)drawStar(10,120,90,1) # 打印祝福语color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色penup()goto(0,-230)write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小 # 调用下雪的函数drawSnow() done()

以上就是本次圣诞树的画法教程，其中里面的一些文字、颜色、参数等大家可自行调整绘制出自己喜欢的圣诞树~