django原生api接口1.1 创建django项目
django-admin startproject drfdemo11.2 创建app
django-admin startapp app1.3 创建数据模型
app/models.py中编写如下代码：
from django.db import modelsclass studentsInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name='姓名') sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, verbose_name='性别') age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄') classroom = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='教室') info = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='个人简介')1.4 配置环境
drfdemo1/settings.py:
# 后端只提供接口，不使用后台等其他功能，所以将无用功能注释掉可以减轻压力，提高性能INSTALLED_APPS = [ # 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', # 'django.contrib.messages', # 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app',]# 由于我们在使用post请求提交数据到后台的时候，django会有一个csrftoken验证，这样使用postman工具提交表单数据时就会失败，所以注释掉csrf中间件MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', # 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]# 由于是测试，所以不再使用mysql，使用sqlite3比较方便DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', }}# 设置为中文LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'1.5 数据迁移
python manage.py makemigrationpython manage.py migrate1.6 编写视图代码
app/views.py:
import jsonfrom .models import *from django.views import Viewfrom django.http import JsonResponse"""post /students/ 添加一个学生GET /students/ 获取所有学生信息GET /students//获取一个学生信息PUT /students// 更新一个学生信息DELETE /students// 删除一个学生信息一个路由对应一个视图类，把5个api接口分为两个视图类来写"""# 原生接口class studentView(View): def post(self, request): # 1.接受客户端提交的数据 name = request.POST.get("name") sex = request.POST.get("sex") age = request.POST.get("age") classroom = request.POST.get("classroom") info = request.POST.get("info") # 2.操作数据库，保存数据 instance = studentsInfo.objects.create( name=name, sex=sex, age=age, classroom=classroom, info=info ) # 3.返回结果 return JsonResponse({ "id": instance.id, "name": instance.name, "sex": instance.sex, "age": instance.age, "classroom": instance.classroom, "info": instance.info }, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def get(self, request): """ 获取多个学生信息 """ students_list = studentsInfo.objects.values() return JsonResponse(data=list(students_list), status=200, safe=False, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})class studentInfoView(View): def get(self, request, pk): """ 获取一条数据 """ try: instance = studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk) except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist: return JsonResponse(data={"message": "学生不存在"}, status=404) else: return JsonResponse({ "id": instance.id, "name": instance.name, "sex": instance.sex, "age": instance.age, "classroom": instance.classroom, "info": instance.info }, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def put(self, request, pk): # 1.接受客户端提交的数据 data = json.loads(request.body) name = data.get("name") sex = data.get("sex") age = data.get("age") classroom = data.get("classroom") info = data.get("info") # 2.操作数据库，修改并保存数据 try: instance = studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk) except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist: return JsonResponse(data={"message": "学生不存在"}, status=404) else: instance.name = name instance.sex = sex instance.age = age instance.classroom = classroom instance.info = info instance.save() # 3.返回结果 return JsonResponse({ "id": instance.id, "name": instance.name, "sex": instance.sex, "age": instance.age, "classroom": instance.classroom, "info": instance.info }, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False}) def delete(self, request, pk): try: studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk).delete() except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist: return JsonResponse(data={"message": "您要删除的数据不存在"}, status=404) else: return JsonResponse(data={"message": "删除成功"})1.7 配置路由
drfdemo1/urls.py:
from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns = [ # path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/',include('app.urls')),]app/urls.py:
from django.urls import path,re_pathfrom .views import *urlpatterns = [ path('students/', studentView.as_view()), re_path(r'^students/(?P\d+)/$', studentInfoView.as_view())]1.8 启动项目
python manage.py runserver 80001.9 测试api接口1.9.1 添加一个学生
返回数据：
{ "id": 13, "name": "胡歌", "sex": "男", "age": "36", "classroom": "888", "info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"}数据库：
1.9.2 获取所有学生信息
返回数据
[ { "id": 1, "name": "小明", "sex": "男", "age": 22, "classroom": "301", "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下" }, { "id": 2, "name": "小红", "sex": "女", "age": 18, "classroom": "301", "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下" }, { "id": 3, "name": "张三", "sex": "男", "age": 25, "classroom": "307", "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下" }, { "id": 4, "name": "李四", "sex": "男", "age": 24, "classroom": "308", "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下" }, { "id": 5, "name": "闵麒良", "sex": "男", "age": 23, "classroom": "310", "info": "河工胡歌" }, { "id": 12, "name": "孙明辉", "sex": "男", "age": 23, "classroom": "333", "info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下" }, { "id": 13, "name": "胡歌", "sex": "男", "age": 36, "classroom": "888", "info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下" }]1.9.3 获取一条数据
返回数据
{ "id": 13, "name": "胡歌", "sex": "男", "age": 36, "classroom": "888", "info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"}1.9.4 更新一条数据
返回数据
{ "id": 13, "name": "胡歌", "sex": "男", "age": 18, "classroom": 666, "info": "6666666666666666"}数据库：
1.9.5 删除一条数据
返回数据：
{ "message": "删除成功"}数据库：
