HarmonyOS开发实战:如何实现一个运动排名榜页面
代码仓库: 运动排名榜页面
项目介绍
本项目使用声明式语法和组件化基础知识,搭建一个可刷新的排行榜页面。在排行榜页面中,使用循环渲染控制语法来实现列表数据渲染,使用@Builder创建排行列表布局内容,使用装饰器@State、@Prop、@Link来管理组件状态。最后我们点击系统返回按键,来学习自定义组件生命周期函数。完成效果如图所示:
新建项目工程
选择Create Project新建项目,点击Application选择第一个Empty Ability应用,点击“Next”进行下一步
配置页中,详细信息如下:
Project name是开发者可以自行设置的项目名称,这里根据自己选择修改为自己项目名称。
Bundle name是包名称,默认情况下应用ID也会使用该名称,应用发布时对应的ID需要保持一致。
Save location为工程保存路径,建议用户自行设置相应位置。
Compile SDK是编译的API版本,这里默认选择API9。
Model选择Stage模型,其他保持默认即可。
点击“Finish”进行下一步
项目创建成功
代码实现
编写应用入口页面
RankPage
是应用入口页面
@Entry@Componentstruct RankPage {@State message: string = 'My Ranking'build() {Row() {Column() {Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}.width('100%')}.height('100%')}}
修改EntryAbility.ts
应用配置,入口页面更改为pages/RankPage
运行成功
编写公共常量
公共常量的好处包括:
- 代码可读性: 使用公共常量可以提高代码的可读性和可维护性,因为它们可以清晰地表达出程序中使用的固定数值或字符串。
- 便于修改和维护: 如果程序中的某个数值或字符串需要修改,只需修改公共常量的定义,而不需要在整个程序中逐个修改。
- 避免魔法数值: 使用公共常量可以避免在代码中出现“魔法数值”,即难以理解和维护的硬编码数值。
- 提高代码重用性: 公共常量可以在整个程序中被引用和使用,从而提高代码的重用性。
- 统一管理: 将所有的固定数值或字符串集中管理在公共常量中,有利于统一管理和维护。
/** * The font size of application. */export enum FontSize {SMALL = 14,MIDDLE = 16,LARGE = 20,};/** * The font weight of application. */export enum FontWeight {BOLD = '400',BOLDER = '500',};/** * The weight is global default value for component size. */export const WEIGHT = '100%';/** * The duration of toast. */export const TIME = 1000;/** * The interval time of exit. */export const APP_EXIT_INTERVAL: number = 4500;/** * The tag is the page name,which is used to print. */export const TAG: string = 'RankPage';/** * The title of TitleComponent. */export const TITLE: Resource = $r('app.string.title');class style {RANK_PADDING: number = 15;CONTENT_WIDTH: string = '90%';BORDER_RADIUS: number = 20;STROKE_WIDTH: number = 1;HEADER_MARGIN_TOP: number = 20;HEADER_MARGIN_BOTTOM: number = 15;LIST_HEIGHT: string = '65%';}/** * The Style of RankPage. */export const Style: style = {/** * The padding of ranking. */RANK_PADDING: 15,/** * The width of ranking content. */CONTENT_WIDTH: '90%',/** * The border radius. */BORDER_RADIUS: 20,/** * The stroke width of divider. */STROKE_WIDTH: 1,/** * The top margin of ranking header. */HEADER_MARGIN_TOP: 20,/** * The bottom margin of ranking header. */HEADER_MARGIN_BOTTOM: 15,/** * The height of list. */LIST_HEIGHT: '65%'};class listHeaderStyle {FONT_WEIGHT: number = 400;LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT: string = '30%';LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER: string = '50%';LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT: string = '20%';}/** * The Style of ListHeaderComponent. */export const ListHeaderStyle: listHeaderStyle = {/** * The weight of font. */FONT_WEIGHT: 400,/** * The layout weight of left. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT: '30%',/** * The layout weight of center. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER: '50%',/** * The layout weight of right. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT: '20%',};class itemStyle {TEXT_LAYOUT_SIZE: number = 24;CIRCLE_TEXT_BORDER_RADIUS: number = 24;CIRCLE_TEXT_SIZE: number = 24;CIRCLE_TEXT_COLOR_STOP_1: number = 0.5;CIRCLE_TEXT_COLOR_STOP_2: number = 1.0;BAR_HEIGHT: number = 48;LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT: string = '30%';LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER: string = '50%';LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT: string = '20%';BORDER_WIDTH: number = 1;COLOR_GREEN: Resource = $r('app.color.item_color');COLOR_BLACK: Resource = $r('app.color.item_color_black');}/** * The Style of ListItemComponent. */export const ItemStyle: itemStyle = {/** * The line height of text. */TEXT_LAYOUT_SIZE: 24,/** * The border radius of circle text. */CIRCLE_TEXT_BORDER_RADIUS: 24,/** * The size of circle text. */CIRCLE_TEXT_SIZE: 24,/** * Gradient color proportion. */CIRCLE_TEXT_COLOR_STOP_1: 0.5,/** * Gradient color proportion. */CIRCLE_TEXT_COLOR_STOP_2: 1.0,/** * The height of item. */BAR_HEIGHT: 48,/** * The layout weight of left. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT: '30%',/** * The layout weight of center. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER: '50%',/** * The layout weight of right. */LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT: '20%',/** * The width of border. */BORDER_WIDTH: 1,/** * The green color of item. */COLOR_GREEN: $r('app.color.item_color'),/** * The black color of item. */COLOR_BLACK: $r('app.color.item_color_black')};class titleBarStyle {IMAGE_BACK_SIZE: number = 21;IMAGE_BACK_MARGIN_RIGHT: number = 18;IMAGE_LOADING_SIZE: number = 22;BAR_HEIGHT: number = 47;BAR_MARGIN_HORIZONTAL: number = 26;BAR_MARGIN_TOP: number = 10;WEIGHT: string = '50%';}/** * The Style of TitleComponent. */export const TitleBarStyle: titleBarStyle = {/** * The image size of back button. */IMAGE_BACK_SIZE: 21,/** * The right margin of back button. */IMAGE_BACK_MARGIN_RIGHT: 18,/** * The size of loading image. */IMAGE_LOADING_SIZE: 22,/** * The height of TitleComponent. */BAR_HEIGHT: 47,/** * The horizontal margin of TitleComponent. */BAR_MARGIN_HORIZONTAL: 26,/** * The top margin of TitleComponent. */BAR_MARGIN_TOP: 10,/** * The weight of Row layout. */WEIGHT: '50%',};
静态资源
静态资源从代码仓库去获取
实现标题组件
TitleComponent.ets
代码实现
import AppContext from '@ohos.app.ability.common';import { FontSize, TitleBarStyle, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';// 标题组件@Componentexport struct TitleComponent {@Link isRefreshData: boolean; // 是否刷新数据@State title: Resource = $r('app.string.title_default'); // 标题build() {Row() {Row() {// 返回箭头Image($r('app.media.ic_public_back')).height(TitleBarStyle.IMAGE_BACK_SIZE) // 高度.width(TitleBarStyle.IMAGE_BACK_SIZE) // 宽度.margin({ right: TitleBarStyle.IMAGE_BACK_MARGIN_RIGHT }) // 外边距.onClick(() => { // 返回上一个界面let handler = getContext(this) as AppContext.UIAbilityContext;handler.terminateSelf();})Text(this.title) // 标题.fontSize(FontSize.LARGE)}.width(TitleBarStyle.WEIGHT).height(WEIGHT).justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start) // 水平起始位置对齐// 刷新图标Row() {Image($r('app.media.loading')).height(TitleBarStyle.IMAGE_LOADING_SIZE).width(TitleBarStyle.IMAGE_LOADING_SIZE).onClick(() => { // 点击刷新列表数据this.isRefreshData = !this.isRefreshData;})}.width(TitleBarStyle.WEIGHT).height(WEIGHT).justifyContent(FlexAlign.End)}.width(WEIGHT).padding({ left: TitleBarStyle.BAR_MARGIN_HORIZONTAL,right: TitleBarStyle.BAR_MARGIN_HORIZONTAL }).margin({ top: TitleBarStyle.BAR_MARGIN_TOP }).height(TitleBarStyle.BAR_HEIGHT).justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)}}
应用入口页RankPage
引入TitleComponent
组件
import { APP_EXIT_INTERVAL, Style, TIME, TITLE, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';import { TitleComponent } from '../view/TitleComponent';@Entry@Componentstruct RankPage {@State isSwitchDataSource: boolean = true; // 是否切换数据源build() {Column() {// 标题TitleComponent({ isRefreshData: $isSwitchDataSource, title: TITLE })}}}
运行代码:
实现列表头部
ListHeaderComponent .ets
代码实现
import { FontSize, ListHeaderStyle } from '../common/constants/Constants';@Componentexport struct ListHeaderComponent {paddingValue: Padding | Length = 0; // 内边距widthValue: Length = 0; // 宽度build() {Row() {Text('排名').fontSize(FontSize.SMALL) // 字体大小.width(ListHeaderStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT) // 宽度.fontWeight(ListHeaderStyle.FONT_WEIGHT) // 字体宽度.fontColor($r('app.color.font_description')) // 字体颜色Text('姓名').fontSize(FontSize.SMALL).width(ListHeaderStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER).fontWeight(ListHeaderStyle.FONT_WEIGHT).fontColor($r('app.color.font_description'))Text('步数').fontSize(FontSize.SMALL).width(ListHeaderStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT).fontWeight(ListHeaderStyle.FONT_WEIGHT).fontColor($r('app.color.font_description'))}.width(this.widthValue) // 宽度.padding(this.paddingValue) // 内边距}}
应用入口页RankPage
引入ListHeaderComponent
组件
import { APP_EXIT_INTERVAL, Style, TIME, TITLE, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';import { TitleComponent } from '../view/TitleComponent';import { ListHeaderComponent } from '../view/ListHeaderComponent';@Entry@Componentstruct RankPage {@State isSwitchDataSource: boolean = true; // 是否切换数据源build() {Column() {// 标题TitleComponent({ isRefreshData: $isSwitchDataSource, title: TITLE })// 列表头部ListHeaderComponent({paddingValue: {left: Style.RANK_PADDING,right: Style.RANK_PADDING},widthValue: Style.CONTENT_WIDTH}).margin({ // 外边距top: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_TOP,bottom: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_BOTTOM})}}}
运行代码:
准备排名榜数据
RankData.ets
排序类
// 排名类export class RankData {name: string; // 姓名stepNum: string; // 步数id: string;// 构造函数constructor(id: string, name: string, stepNum: string) {this.id = id;this.name = name;this.stepNum = stepNum;}}
DataModel.ets
初始化排名数据
import { RankData } from '../viewmodel/RankData';export { rankData1, rankData2 }// 初始化排名数据1const rankData1: RankData[] = [new RankData('1', '喜羊羊', '12080'),new RankData('2', '美羊羊', '10320'),new RankData('3', '灰太狼', '9801'),new RankData('4', '红太狼', '8431'),new RankData('5', '懒羊羊', '7546'),new RankData('6', '暖羊羊', '7431'),new RankData('7', '沸羊羊', '7187'),new RankData('8', '蕉太狼', '7003'),new RankData('9', '小灰灰', '6794'),new RankData('10', '慢羊羊', '6721')];// 初始化排名数据2const rankData2: RankData[] = [new RankData('11', '曹操', '8836'),new RankData('12', '马超', '8521'),new RankData('13', '关羽', '8431'),new RankData('14', '吕布', '7909'),new RankData('15', '张飞', '7547'),new RankData('16', '赵云', '7433'),new RankData('17', '刘备', '7186'),new RankData('18', '孙策', '7023'),new RankData('19', '黄忠', '6794'),new RankData('20', '许褚', '6721')];
RankViewModel.ets
获取排序数据
import { RankData } from './RankData';import { rankData1, rankData2 } from '../model/DataModel';// 获取排序数据export class RankViewModel {loadRankDataSource1(): RankData[] {return rankData1;}loadRankDataSource2(): RankData[] {return rankData2;}}
RankPage.ets
引入排名数据源
let rankModel: RankViewModel = new RankViewModel();
- 通过
aboutToAppear
函数初始化数据源
import { RankViewModel } from '../viewmodel/RankViewModel';import { RankData } from '../viewmodel/RankData';import { APP_EXIT_INTERVAL, Style, TIME, TITLE, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';import { TitleComponent } from '../view/TitleComponent';import { ListHeaderComponent } from '../view/ListHeaderComponent';let rankModel: RankViewModel = new RankViewModel();@Entry@Componentstruct RankPage {@State dataSource1: RankData[] = [];@State dataSource2: RankData[] = [];@State isSwitchDataSource: boolean = true; // 是否切换数据源// 初始化数据源aboutToAppear() {this.dataSource1 = rankModel.loadRankDataSource1();this.dataSource2 = rankModel.loadRankDataSource2();}build() {Column() {// 标题TitleComponent({ isRefreshData: $isSwitchDataSource, title: TITLE })// 列表头部ListHeaderComponent({paddingValue: {left: Style.RANK_PADDING,right: Style.RANK_PADDING},widthValue: Style.CONTENT_WIDTH}).margin({ // 外边距top: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_TOP,bottom: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_BOTTOM})}}}
实现排名列表
ListItemComponent .ets
代码实现
import { FontSize, FontWeight, ItemStyle, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';@Componentexport struct ListItemComponent {index" />: number;private name?: string;stepNum: string = '';@State isChange: boolean = false;build() {Row() {// 排名Column() {if (this.isRenderCircleText()) {this.CircleText(this.index);} else {Text(this.index?.toString()).lineHeight(ItemStyle.TEXT_LAYOUT_SIZE) // 行高.textAlign(TextAlign.Center) // 文本居中.width(ItemStyle.TEXT_LAYOUT_SIZE) // 宽度.fontWeight(FontWeight.BOLD) // 字体宽度.fontSize(FontSize.SMALL) // 字体大小}}.width(ItemStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_LEFT) // 宽度.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start) // 垂直起始位置对齐// 姓名Text(this.name).width(ItemStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_CENTER).fontWeight(FontWeight.BOLDER).fontSize(FontSize.MIDDLE)// ture:绿色字体,false:黑色字体.fontColor(this.isChange ? ItemStyle.COLOR_GREEN : ItemStyle.COLOR_BLACK)// 步数Text(this.stepNum).width(ItemStyle.LAYOUT_WEIGHT_RIGHT).fontWeight(FontWeight.BOLD).fontSize(FontSize.SMALL).fontColor(this.isChange ? ItemStyle.COLOR_GREEN : ItemStyle.COLOR_BLACK)}.height(ItemStyle.BAR_HEIGHT).width(WEIGHT).onClick(() => { // 点击事件this.isChange = !this.isChange;})}// 圆圈背景@Builder CircleText(index: number) {Row() {Text(this.index?.toString()).fontWeight(FontWeight.BOLD).fontSize(FontSize.SMALL).fontColor(Color.White);}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center).borderRadius(ItemStyle.CIRCLE_TEXT_BORDER_RADIUS).size({ width: ItemStyle.CIRCLE_TEXT_SIZE,height: ItemStyle.CIRCLE_TEXT_SIZE }).backgroundColor($r('app.color.circle_text_background'))}// 是否显示圆圈isRenderCircleText(): boolean {return this.index === 1 || this.index === 2 || this.index === 3;}}
应用入口页RankPage
引入ListItemComponent
组件
@Builder RankList
装饰的方法用于定义组件的声明式UI描述,在一个自定义组件内快速生成多个布局内容。
import { RankViewModel } from '../viewmodel/RankViewModel';import { RankData } from '../viewmodel/RankData';import { APP_EXIT_INTERVAL, Style, TIME, TITLE, WEIGHT } from '../common/constants/Constants';import { TitleComponent } from '../view/TitleComponent';import { ListHeaderComponent } from '../view/ListHeaderComponent';import { ListItemComponent } from '../view/ListItemComponent';let rankModel: RankViewModel = new RankViewModel();@Entry@Componentstruct RankPage {@State dataSource1: RankData[] = [];@State dataSource2: RankData[] = [];@State isSwitchDataSource: boolean = true; // 是否切换数据源// 初始化数据源aboutToAppear() {this.dataSource1 = rankModel.loadRankDataSource1();this.dataSource2 = rankModel.loadRankDataSource2();}build() {Column() {// 标题TitleComponent({ isRefreshData: $isSwitchDataSource, title: TITLE })// 列表头部ListHeaderComponent({paddingValue: {left: Style.RANK_PADDING,right: Style.RANK_PADDING},widthValue: Style.CONTENT_WIDTH}).margin({ // 外边距top: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_TOP,bottom: Style.HEADER_MARGIN_BOTTOM})// 排名列表this.RankList(Style.CONTENT_WIDTH)}.backgroundColor($r('app.color.background')) // 背景色.height(WEIGHT) // 高度.width(WEIGHT) // 宽度}@Builder RankList(widthValue: Length) {Column() {List() { // 列表ForEach(this.isSwitchDataSource ? this.dataSource1 : this.dataSource2,(item: RankData, index?: number) => {ListItem() {ListItemComponent({ index: (Number(index) + 1), name: item.name, stepNum: item.stepNum})}}, (item: RankData) => JSON.stringify(item))}.width(WEIGHT) // 宽度.height(Style.LIST_HEIGHT) // 高度.divider({ strokeWidth: Style.STROKE_WIDTH }) // 分割线}.padding({ // 内边距left: Style.RANK_PADDING,right: Style.RANK_PADDING}).borderRadius(Style.BORDER_RADIUS) // 边框半径.width(widthValue) // 宽度.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center) // 垂直居中对齐.backgroundColor(Color.White) // 背景色}}
运行代码:
刷新列表: