领域驱动设计之银行转账:Wow框架实战
银行账户转账案例是一个经典的领域驱动设计(DDD)应用场景。接下来我们通过一个简单的银行账户转账案例,来了解如何使用 Wow 进行领域驱动设计以及服务开发。
银行转账流程
- 准备转账(Prepare): 用户发起转账请求,触发 Prepare 步骤。这个步骤会向源账户发送准备转账的请求。
- 校验余额(CheckBalance): 源账户在收到准备转账请求后,会执行校验余额的操作,确保账户有足够的余额进行转账。
- 锁定金额(LockAmount): 如果余额足够,源账户会锁定转账金额,防止其他操作干扰。
- 入账(Entry): 接着,转账流程进入到目标账户,执行入账操作。
- 确认转账(Confirm): 如果入账成功,确认转账;否则,执行解锁金额操作。
- 成功路径(Success): 如果一切顺利,完成转账流程。
- 失败路径(Fail): 如果入账失败,执行解锁金额操作,并处理失败情况。
运行案例
- 运行 TransferExampleServer.java
- 查看 Swagger-UI : http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
- 执行 API 测试:Transfer.http
自动生成 API 端点
运行之后,访问 Swagger-UI : http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html 。
该 RESTful API 端点是由 Wow 自动生成的,无需手动编写。
模块划分
模块 | 说明 |
---|---|
example-transfer-api | API 层,定义聚合命令(Command)、领域事件(Domain Event)以及查询视图模型(Query View Model),这个模块充当了各个模块之间通信的“发布语言”。 |
example-transfer-domain | 领域层,包含聚合根和业务约束的实现。聚合根:领域模型的入口点,负责协调领域对象的操作。业务约束:包括验证规则、领域事件的处理等。 |
example-transfer-server | 宿主服务,应用程序的启动点。负责整合其他模块,并提供应用程序的入口。涉及配置依赖项、连接数据库、启动 API 服务 |
领域建模
状态聚合根(AccountState
)与命令聚合根(Account
)分离设计保证了在执行命令过程中,不会修改状态聚合根的状态。
状态聚合根(AccountState
)建模
public class AccountState implements Identifier { private final String id; private String name; /** * 余额 */ private long balanceAmount = 0L; /** * 已锁定金额 */ private long lockedAmount = 0L; /** * 账号已冻结标记 */ private boolean frozen = false; @JsonCreator public AccountState(@JsonProperty("id") String id) { this.id = id; } @NotNull @Override public String getId() { return id; } public String getName() { return name; } public long getBalanceAmount() { return balanceAmount; } public long getLockedAmount() { return lockedAmount; } public boolean isFrozen() { return frozen; } void onSourcing(AccountCreated accountCreated) { this.name = accountCreated.name(); this.balanceAmount = accountCreated.balance(); } void onSourcing(AmountLocked amountLocked) { balanceAmount = balanceAmount - amountLocked.amount(); lockedAmount = lockedAmount + amountLocked.amount(); } void onSourcing(AmountEntered amountEntered) { balanceAmount = balanceAmount + amountEntered.amount(); } void onSourcing(Confirmed confirmed) { lockedAmount = lockedAmount - confirmed.amount(); } void onSourcing(AmountUnlocked amountUnlocked) { lockedAmount = lockedAmount - amountUnlocked.amount(); balanceAmount = balanceAmount + amountUnlocked.amount(); } void onSourcing(AccountFrozen accountFrozen) { this.frozen = true; }}
命令聚合根(Account
)建模
@StaticTenantId@AggregateRootpublic class Account { private final AccountState state; public Account(AccountState state) { this.state = state; } AccountCreated onCommand(CreateAccount createAccount) { return new AccountCreated(createAccount.name(), createAccount.balance()); } @OnCommand(returns = {AmountLocked.class, Prepared.class}) List onCommand(Prepare prepare) { checkBalance(prepare.amount()); return List.of(new AmountLocked(prepare.amount()), new Prepared(prepare.to(), prepare.amount())); } private void checkBalance(long amount) { if (state.isFrozen()) { throw new IllegalStateException("账号已冻结无法转账."); } if (state.getBalanceAmount() < amount) { throw new IllegalStateException("账号余额不足."); } } Object onCommand(Entry entry) { if (state.isFrozen()) { return new EntryFailed(entry.sourceId(), entry.amount()); } return new AmountEntered(entry.sourceId(), entry.amount()); } Confirmed onCommand(Confirm confirm) { return new Confirmed(confirm.amount()); } AmountUnlocked onCommand(UnlockAmount unlockAmount) { return new AmountUnlocked(unlockAmount.amount()); } AccountFrozen onCommand(FreezeAccount freezeAccount) { return new AccountFrozen(freezeAccount.reason()); }}
转账流程管理器(TransferSaga
)
转账流程管理器(TransferSaga
)负责协调处理转账的事件,并生成相应的命令。
onEvent(Prepared)
: 订阅转账已准备就绪事件(Prepared
),并生成入账命令(Entry
)。onEvent(AmountEntered)
: 订阅转账已入账事件(AmountEntered
),并生成确认转账命令(Confirm
)。onEvent(EntryFailed)
: 订阅转账入账失败事件(EntryFailed
),并生成解锁金额命令(UnlockAmount
)。
@StatelessSagapublic class TransferSaga { Entry onEvent(Prepared prepared, AggregateId aggregateId) { return new Entry(prepared.to(), aggregateId.getId(), prepared.amount()); } Confirm onEvent(AmountEntered amountEntered) { return new Confirm(amountEntered.sourceId(), amountEntered.amount()); } UnlockAmount onEvent(EntryFailed entryFailed) { return new UnlockAmount(entryFailed.sourceId(), entryFailed.amount()); }}
单元测试
借助 Wow 单元测试套件,可以轻松的编写聚合根和 Saga 的单元测试。从而提升代码覆盖率,保证代码质量。
使用
aggregateVerifier
进行聚合根单元测试,可以有效的减少单元测试的编写工作量。
Account
聚合根单元测试
internal class AccountKTest { @Test fun createAccount() { aggregateVerifier() .given() .`when`(CreateAccount("name", 100)) .expectEventType(AccountCreated::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(100)) } .verify() } @Test fun prepare() { aggregateVerifier() .given(AccountCreated("name", 100)) .`when`(Prepare("name", 100)) .expectEventType(AmountLocked::class.java, Prepared::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(0)) } .verify() } @Test fun entry() { val aggregateId = GlobalIdGenerator.generateAsString() aggregateVerifier(aggregateId) .given(AccountCreated("name", 100)) .`when`(Entry(aggregateId, "sourceId", 100)) .expectEventType(AmountEntered::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(200)) } .verify() } @Test fun entryGivenFrozen() { val aggregateId = GlobalIdGenerator.generateAsString() aggregateVerifier(aggregateId) .given(AccountCreated("name", 100), AccountFrozen("")) .`when`(Entry(aggregateId, "sourceId", 100)) .expectEventType(EntryFailed::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(100)) assertThat(it.isFrozen, equalTo(true)) } .verify() } @Test fun confirm() { val aggregateId = GlobalIdGenerator.generateAsString() aggregateVerifier(aggregateId) .given(AccountCreated("name", 100), AmountLocked(100)) .`when`(Confirm(aggregateId, 100)) .expectEventType(Confirmed::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(0)) assertThat(it.lockedAmount, equalTo(0)) assertThat(it.isFrozen, equalTo(false)) } .verify() } @Test fun unlockAmount() { val aggregateId = GlobalIdGenerator.generateAsString() aggregateVerifier(aggregateId) .given(AccountCreated("name", 100), AmountLocked(100)) .`when`(UnlockAmount(aggregateId, 100)) .expectEventType(AmountUnlocked::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(100)) assertThat(it.lockedAmount, equalTo(0)) assertThat(it.isFrozen, equalTo(false)) } .verify() } @Test fun freezeAccount() { val aggregateId = GlobalIdGenerator.generateAsString() aggregateVerifier(aggregateId) .given(AccountCreated("name", 100)) .`when`(FreezeAccount("")) .expectEventType(AccountFrozen::class.java) .expectState { assertThat(it.name, equalTo("name")) assertThat(it.balanceAmount, equalTo(100)) assertThat(it.lockedAmount, equalTo(0)) assertThat(it.isFrozen, equalTo(true)) } .verify() }}
使用
sagaVerifier
进行 Saga 单元测试,可以有效的减少单元测试的编写工作量。
TransferSaga
单元测试
internal class TransferSagaTest { @Test fun onPrepared() { val event = Prepared("to", 1) sagaVerifier() .`when`(event) .expectCommandBody { assertThat(it.id, equalTo(event.to)) assertThat(it.amount, equalTo(event.amount)) } .verify() } @Test fun onAmountEntered() { val event = AmountEntered("sourceId", 1) sagaVerifier() .`when`(event) .expectCommandBody { assertThat(it.id, equalTo(event.sourceId)) assertThat(it.amount, equalTo(event.amount)) } .verify() } @Test fun onEntryFailed() { val event = EntryFailed("sourceId", 1) sagaVerifier() .`when`(event) .expectCommandBody { assertThat(it.id, equalTo(event.sourceId)) assertThat(it.amount, equalTo(event.amount)) } .verify() }}
作者:Ahoo Wang (阿虎)
Github: https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/
SmartSql(高性能、高生产力,超轻量级的ORM!): https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/SmartSql
SmartCode(不只是代码生成器!): https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/SmartCode
CoSky 高性能、低成本微服务治理平台 : https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/CoSky
CosId 通用、灵活、高性能的分布式 ID 生成器 : https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/CosId
Wow 基于 DDD、EventSourcing 的现代响应式 CQRS 架构微服务开发框架: https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/Wow
CoSec 基于 RBAC 和策略的多租户响应式安全框架: https://github.com/Ahoo-Wang/CoSec
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