keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用目录
- keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用
- 配置web界面
- 配置nginx负载均衡
- 配置keepalived高可用
- 编写脚本
- 配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置
- 测试
环境说明：
| 系统 | 主机名 | IP | 服务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos8 | master | 192.168.111.141 | nginx keepalived |
| centos8 | backup | 192.168.111.142 | nginx keepalived |
| centos8 | apache | 192.168.111.143 | httpd |
| centos8 | nginx | 192.168.111.144 | nginx |
配置web界面
apache
//修改名字[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname apache[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@apache ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux[root@apache ~]# setenforce 0[root@apache ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config[root@apache ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld[root@apache ~]# reboot//配置yum源[root@apache ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo[root@apache ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo//安装apache,主页内容为apache[root@apache ~]# yum -y install httpd[root@apache ~]# echo "apache" > /var/www/html/index.html[root@apache ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd[root@apache ~]# ss -anltState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* [root@apache ~]# curl 192.168.111.143apachenginx
//修改名字[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@nginx ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux[root@nginx ~]# setenforce 0[root@nginx ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config[root@nginx ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld[root@nginx ~]# reboot//配置yum源[root@nginx ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo[root@nginx ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo//安装nginx,主页内容为nginx[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install nginx[root@nginx ~]# echo "nginx" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx[root@nginx ~]# ss -anltState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* [root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.111.144nginx配置nginx负载均衡
master
//修改名字[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@master ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux[root@master ~]# setenforce 0[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld[root@master ~]# reboot//配置yum源[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo[root@master ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo//创建用户[root@master ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin nginx//安装依赖包[root@master ~]# dnf -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget vim//编译安装nginx[root@backup ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz[root@master ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz [root@master ~]# cd nginx-1.22.0[root@master nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-debug \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module [root@master nginx-1.22.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install//配置环境变量[root@master ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh[root@master ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh //配置system启动服务[root@master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service[Unit]Description=nginx server daemonAfter=network.target [Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stopExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[root@nginx ~]# systemctl daemon-reload//启动nginx[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx[root@master ~]# ss -anltState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* //修改配置文件,配置负载均衡[root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf upstream web {//http字段内 server 192.168.111.143; server 192.168.111.144; } ......... location / {//修改配置文件 root html; proxy_pass http://web; }[root@master ~]# systemctl restart nginx//查看负载均衡效果[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141apache[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141nginx[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141apache[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141nginxbackup
//修改名字[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname backup[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@backup ~]# //关闭防火墙和selinux[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0[root@backup ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld[root@backup ~]# reboot//配置yum源[root@backup ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo[root@backup ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo//创建用户[root@backup ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin nginx//安装依赖包[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget vim//编译安装nginx[root@backup ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz[root@backup ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz [root@backup ~]# cd nginx-1.22.0[root@backup nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-debug \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module[root@backup nginx-1.22.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install//配置环境变量[root@backup ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh[root@backup ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh //配置system启动服务[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service[Unit]Description=nginx server daemonAfter=network.target [Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stopExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID [Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[root@backup ~]# systemctl daemon-reload//启动nginx[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx[root@backup ~]# ss -anltState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* //修改配置文件,配置负载均衡[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf upstream web {//http字段内 server 192.168.111.143; server 192.168.111.144; } ......... location / {//修改配置文件 root html; proxy_pass http://web; }[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart nginx//查看负载均衡效果[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142apache[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142nginx[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142apache[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142nginx配置keepalived高可用
master
//首先安装keepalived[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived //编辑配置文件，并启动服务[root@master ~]# mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb01} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.250 }} virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.141 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.111.142 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }}[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived//通过虚拟IP访问[root@master ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1500sec preferred_lft 1500sec inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever //通过虚拟ip访问//一定要把backup端的nginx服务关掉才能访问，[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250apache[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250nginx[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250apache[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250nginxbackup
//首先安装keepalived[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived //编辑配置文件，并启动服务[root@backup ~]# mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.back}[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 50 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.250 }} virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.141 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.111.142 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }}[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived编写脚本
master
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/[root@master scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh#!/bin/bashnginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then systemctl stop keepalivedfi[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh#!/bin/bashVIP=$2case "$1" in master) nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l) if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then systemctl start nginx fi ;; backup) nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l) if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then systemctl stop nginx fi ;; *) echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP" ;;esac[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_haproxy.sh notify.sh backup
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/[root@backup scripts]# scp root@192.168.111.141:/scripts/notify.sh .配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置
master
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb01} vrrp_script nginx_check {//添加 script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh" interval 1 weight -20}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.250 } track_script {//添加 haproxy_check } notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.111.250"} virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.141 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.111.142 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }}[root@master scripts]# systemctl restart keepalivedbackup
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id lb02} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 50 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.111.250 } notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.111.250"//添加 notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.111.250"} virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.111.141 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.111.142 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_port 80 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }}[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived测试
模拟nginx服务故障
//master端[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250apache[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250nginx[root@master ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1601sec preferred_lft 1601sec inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx[root@master ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1591sec preferred_lft 1591sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever//backup端[root@backup ~]# systemctl start nginx //前面把服务关了这里启动一下[root@backup ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:07:42:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.142/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 947sec preferred_lft 947sec inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:4265/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250apache[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250nginx[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250apache[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250nginx启动master端的nginx服务
//master端[root@master scripts]# systemctl start nginx[root@master scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived[root@master ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1223sec preferred_lft 1223sec inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever//backup端[root@backup ~]# ip a1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:07:42:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.111.142/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1632sec preferred_lft 1632sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:4265/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever