加密与数字签名的区别
1、加密保证了数据接受方的数据安全性。加密的作用是防止泄密。
2、签名保证了数据发送方的数据安全性。签名的作用是防止篡改。
数字签名的应用
问题:在比特币中,怎么证明这个交易是你发布的?
这是就需要用到数字签名,数字签名大概可已描述为:用私钥加密,用公钥解密。发布一条交易信息:“我给xxx转了0.2个比特币”,将这条消息用自己的私钥加密,再发布出去,大众在收到这条消息后,用我的公钥验签,验证成功则说明是我发布的交易。
签名的过程与加密相反。
代码
package RSA;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.FileReader;import java.security.*;import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * @author WuYongheng * @date 2022/11/22 * @description 数字签名RSA */public class RsaSignature {//数字签名 - 签名验证算法private static final String SIGNATRUE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";//数字签名 - RSA算法private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";//私钥private static final String PRIVATEKEY = "RSAPrivateKey";//公钥private static final String PUBLICKEY = "RSAPublicKey";/** * RSA长度 * 默认是 1024 * 必须是 64的倍数 * 范围:512 - 65536 */private static final int KeySize = 512; // 512 位 2进制,128 位 16进制/** * 初始化 * * @return map * @throws Exception */public static Map initKey() throws Exception {//实例化,生成器KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);//初始化keyPairGenerator.initialize(KeySize);//获取公私钥对KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();//获取私钥RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();//获取公钥RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();Map map = new HashMap();map.put(PRIVATEKEY, privateKey);map.put(PUBLICKEY, publicKey);return map;}/** * 取得公钥 * * @param map * @return byte[] */public static byte[] getPublicKey(Map map) {PublicKey publicKey = (PublicKey) map.get(PUBLICKEY);return publicKey.getEncoded();}/** * 取得私钥 * * @param map * @return byte[] */public static byte[] getPrivateKey(Map map) {PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) map.get(PRIVATEKEY);return privateKey.getEncoded();}/** * 私钥加密 * * @param source 数据 * @param key私钥 * @return 签名 * @throws Exception */public static String sign(String source, byte[] key) throws Exception {byte[] data = source.getBytes("utf-8");// 取得私钥PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);// 生成私钥PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);//新增: 实例化 签名对象Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATRUE_ALGORITHM);//初始化 私钥signature.initSign(privateKey);//更新签名signature.update(data);byte[] enSign = signature.sign();return Base64.encodeBase64String(enSign);}/** * 校验 * * @param source源数据 * @param key 公钥 * @param signStr 已签名的数据 * @return true or false * @throws Exception */public static boolean verify(String source, byte[] key, String signStr) throws Exception {// 还原即将 解密的 数据源byte[] data = source.getBytes("utf-8");// 还原已签名数据byte[] signData = Base64.decodeBase64(signStr);// 取得公钥X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);// 生成公钥PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);//新增: 实例化 签名对象Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATRUE_ALGORITHM);//初始化 校验公钥signature.initVerify(publicKey);//更新签名signature.update(data);//验证return signature.verify(signData);}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Map keyMap = initKey();byte[] privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyMap);byte[] publicKey = getPublicKey(keyMap);System.out.println("获取的私钥:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(privateKey));System.out.println("获取的公钥:" + Base64.encodeBase64String(publicKey));String source = "";//需要签名文件的内容String fileName = "D:\\code\\aaa.txt";try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {String line;while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {System.out.println("文件内容是: " + line);source = line;}}System.out.println("需要签名的文件内容是: " + source);String sign = sign(source, privateKey);System.out.println("签名后:" + sign);boolean flat = verify(source, publicKey, sign);System.out.println("校验结果:" + flat);}}