作者:TinyThing
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/b52db905f020

0x0 背景

项目中使用LocalDateTime系列作为dto中时间的类型,但是spring收到参数后总报错,为了全局配置时间类型转换,尝试了如下3中方法。

注:本文基于Springboot2.0测试,如果无法生效可能是spring版本较低导致的。PS:如果你的Controller中的LocalDate类型的参数啥注解(RequestParam、PathVariable等)都没加,也是会出错的,因为默认情况下,解析这种参数使用ModelAttributeMethodProcessor进行处理,而这个处理器要通过反射实例化一个对象出来,然后再对对象中的各个参数进行convert,但是LocalDate类没有构造函数,无法反射实例化因此会报错!!!

0x1 当LocalDateTime作为RequestParam或者PathVariable时

这种情况要和时间作为Json字符串时区别对待,因为前端json转后端pojo底层使用的是Json序列化Jackson工具(HttpMessgeConverter);而时间字符串作为普通请求参数传入时,转换用的是Converter,两者有区别哦。
在这种情况下,有如下几种方案:

推荐一个开源免费的 Spring Boot 实战项目:

https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice

1. 使用Converter

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;import java.time.LocalDate;import java.time.LocalDateTime;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;@Configurationpublic class DateConfig {    @Bean    public Converter localDateConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public LocalDate convert(String source) {                return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));            }        };    }    @Bean    public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {                return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));            }        };    }}

以上两个bean会注入到spring mvc的参数解析器(好像叫做ParameterConversionService),当传入的字符串要转为LocalDateTime类时,spring会调用该Converter对这个入参进行转换。

2. 使用ControllerAdvice配合initBinder

@ControllerAdvicepublic class GlobalExceptionHandler {    @InitBinder    protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {            @Override            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {                setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));            }        });        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {            @Override            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {                setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));            }        });        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {            @Override            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {                setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));            }        });    }}

从名字就可以看出来,这是在controller做环切(这里面还可以全局异常捕获),在参数进入handler之前进行转换;转换为我们相应的对象。

0x2 当LocalDateTime作为Json形式传入

这种情况下,如同上文描述,要利用Jackson的json序列化和反序列化来做:

@Configurationpublic class JacksonConfig {    /** 默认日期时间格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";    /** 默认日期格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";    /** 默认时间格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";    @Bean    public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();//            objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);//            objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule).registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule());        return objectMapper;    }}

0x3 来个完整的配置吧

Spring Boot 基础就不介绍了,推荐看这个实战项目:

https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice

package com.fly.hi.common.config;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateTimeDeserializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateTimeSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalTimeSerializer;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;import java.io.IOException;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.time.LocalDate;import java.time.LocalDateTime;import java.time.LocalTime;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;import java.util.Date;@Configurationpublic class DateConfig {    /** 默认日期时间格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";    /** 默认日期格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";    /** 默认时间格式 */    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";    /**     * LocalDate转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数     */    @Bean    public Converter localDateConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public LocalDate convert(String source) {                return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));            }        };    }    /**     * LocalDateTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数     */    @Bean    public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {                return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));            }        };    }    /**     * LocalTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数     */    @Bean    public Converter localTimeConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public LocalTime convert(String source) {                return LocalTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT));            }        };    }    /**     * Date转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数     */    @Bean    public Converter dateConverter() {        return new Converter() {            @Override            public Date convert(String source) {                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);                try {                    return format.parse(source);                } catch (ParseException e) {                    throw new RuntimeException(e);                }            }        };    }    /**     * Json序列化和反序列化转换器,用于转换Post请求体中的json以及将我们的对象序列化为返回响应的json     */    @Bean    public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);        objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);        //LocalDateTime系列序列化和反序列化模块,继承自jsr310,我们在这里修改了日期格式        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));        //Date序列化和反序列化        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(Date.class, new JsonSerializer() {            @Override            public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {                SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);                String formattedDate = formatter.format(date);                jsonGenerator.writeString(formattedDate);            }        });        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer() {            @Override            public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);                String date = jsonParser.getText();                try {                    return format.parse(date);                } catch (ParseException e) {                    throw new RuntimeException(e);                }            }        });        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);        return objectMapper;    }}

0x4 深入研究SpringMVC数据绑定过程

接下来进入debug模式,看看mvc是如何将我们request中的参数绑定到我们controller层方法入参的:

写一个简单controller,下个断点看看方法调用栈:

@GetMapping("/getDate")public LocalDateTime getDate(@RequestParam LocalDate date,                             @RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime,                             @RequestParam Date originalDate) {    System.out.println(date);    System.out.println(dateTime);    System.out.println(originalDate);    return LocalDateTime.now();}

断住以后,我们看下方法调用栈中一些关键方法:

//进入DispatcherServletdoService:942, DispatcherServlet//处理请求doDispatch:1038, DispatcherServlet//生成调用链(前处理、实际调用方法、后处理)handle:87, AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter//反射获取到实际调用方法,准备开始调用invokeHandlerMethod:895, RequestMappingHandlerAdapterinvokeAndHandle:102, ServletInvocableHandlerMethod//这里是关键,参数从这里开始获取到invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethoddoInvoke:215, InvocableHandlerMethod//这个是Java reflect调用,因此一定是在这之前获取到的参数invoke:566, Method

根据上述分析,发现invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod这里的代码是用来拿到实际参数的:

@Nullablepublic Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,        Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {    //这个方法是获取参数的,在这里下个断    Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {        logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));    }    //这里开始调用方法    return doInvoke(args);}

进入这个方法看看是什么操作:

protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,        Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {    //获取方法参数数组,包含了入参信息,比如类型、泛型等等    MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();    //这个用来存放一会从request parameter转换的参数    Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];    for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {        MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];        parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);        //这里看起来没啥卵用(providedArgs为空)        args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);        //这里开始获取到方法实际调用的参数,步进        if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {            //从名字就看出来:参数解析器解析参数            args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);            continue;        }    }    return args;}

进入resolveArgument看看:

public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,        NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {    //根据方法入参,获取对应的解析器    HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);     //开始解析参数(把请求中的parameter转为方法的入参)    return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);}

这里根据参数获取相应的参数解析器,看看内部如何获取的:

//遍历,调用supportParameter方法,跟进看看for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver methodArgumentResolver : this.argumentResolvers) {    if (methodArgumentResolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {        result = methodArgumentResolver;        this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);        break;    }}

这里,遍历参数解析器,查找有没有适合的解析器!那么,有哪些参数解析器呢(我测试的时候有26个)???我列出几个重要的看看,是不是很眼熟!!!

{RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver@7686} {PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver@8359} {RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor@8366} {RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver@8367} 

我们进入最常用的一个解析器看看他的supportsParameter方法,发现就是通过参数注解来获取相应的解析器的。

public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {    //如果参数拥有注解@RequestParam,则走这个分支(知道为什么上文要对RequestParam和Json两种数据区别对待了把)    if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {        //这个似乎是对Optional类型的参数进行处理的        if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.nestedIfOptional().getNestedParameterType())) {            RequestParam requestParam = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class);            return (requestParam != null && StringUtils.hasText(requestParam.name()));        }        else {            return true;        }    }    //......}

也就是说,对于@RequestParam@RequestBody以及@PathVariable注解的参数,SpringMVC会使用不通的参数解析器进行数据绑定!
那么,这三种解析器分别使用什么Converter解析参数呢?我们分别进入三种解析器看一看:
首先看下RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver发现内部使用WebDataBinder进行数据绑定,底层使用的是ConversionService (也就是我们的Converter注入的地方)

WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, namedValueInfo.name);//通过DataBinder进行数据绑定的arg = binder.convertIfNecessary(arg, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
//跟进convertIfNecessary()public  T convertIfNecessary(@Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class requiredType,        @Nullable MethodParameter methodParam) throws TypeMismatchException {    return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(value, requiredType, methodParam);}
//继续跟进,看到了把ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {    TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);    if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {        try {            return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);        }        catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {            // fallback to default conversion logic below            conversionAttemptEx = ex;        }    }}

然后看下RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor发现使用的转换器是HttpMessageConverter类型的:

//resolveArgument方法内部调用下面进行参数解析Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());//step into readWithMessageConverters(),我们看到这里的Converter是HttpMessageConverterfor (HttpMessageConverter converter : this.messageConverters) {    Class<HttpMessageConverter> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter>) converter.getClass();    GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter =            (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter : null);    if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :            (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {        if (message.hasBody()) {            HttpInputMessage msgToUse =                    getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);            body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :                    ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));            body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);        }        else {            body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);        }        break;    }}

最后看下PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver发现 和RequestParam走的执行路径一致(二者都是继承自AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver解析器),因此代码就不贴了。

0xFF总结

如果要转换request传来的参数到我们指定的类型,根据入参注解要进行区分:

  1. 如果是RequestBody,那么通过配置ObjectMapper(这个玩意儿会注入到Jackson的HttpMessagConverter里面,即MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter中)来实现Json格式数据的序列化和反序列化;
  2. 如果是RequestParam或者PathVariable类型的参数,通过配置Converter实现参数转换(这些Converter会注入到ConversionService中)。

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