RabbitMQ快速使用代码手册

本篇博客的内容为RabbitMQ在开发过程中的快速上手使用，侧重于代码部分，几乎没有相关概念的介绍，相关概念请参考以下csdn博客，两篇都是我找的精华帖，供大家学习。本篇博客也持续更新~~~
内容代码部分由于word转md格式有些问题，可以直接查看我的有道云笔记，链接：https://note.youdao.com/s/Ab7Cjiu

参考文档

csdn博客：

基础部分：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35387940/article/details/100514134

高级部分：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49076273/article/details/124991012

application.yml

server:port: 8021spring:#给项目来个名字application:name: rabbitmq-provider#配置rabbitMq 服务器rabbitmq:host: 127.0.0.1port: 5672username: rootpassword: root#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认hostvirtual-host: JCcccHost#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)#publisher-confirms: truepublisher-confirm-type: correlated#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)publisher-returns: true

完善更多信息

spring:rabbitmq:host: localhostport: 5672virtual-host: /username: guestpassword: guestpublisher-confirm-type: correlatedpublisher-returns: truetemplate:mandatory: trueretry:#发布重试，默认falseenabled: true#重试时间 默认1000msinitial-interval: 1000#重试最大次数 最大3max-attempts: 3#重试最大间隔时间max-interval: 10000#重试的时间隔乘数，比如配2，0第一次等于10s，第二次等于20s，第三次等于40smultiplier: 1listener:\# 默认配置是simpletype: simplesimple:\# 手动ack Acknowledge mode of container. auto noneacknowledge-mode: manual#消费者调用程序线程的最小数量concurrency: 10#消费者最大数量max-concurrency: 10#限制消费者每次只处理一条信息，处理完在继续下一条prefetch: 1#启动时是否默认启动容器auto-startup: true#被拒绝时重新进入队列default-requeue-rejected: true

相关注解说明

@RabbitListener 注解是指定某方法作为消息消费的方法，例如监听某 Queue
里面的消息。

@RabbitListener标注在方法上，直接监听指定的队列，此时接收的参数需要与发送市类型一致。

\@Componentpublic class PointConsumer {//监听的队列名\@RabbitListener(queues = \"point.to.point\")public void processOne(String name) {System.out.println(\"point.to.point：\" + name);}}

@RabbitListener 可以标注在类上面，需配合 @RabbitHandler 注解一起使用

@RabbitListener 标注在类上面表示当有收到消息的时候，就交给
@RabbitHandler 的方法处理，根据接受的参数类型进入具体的方法中。

\@Component\@RabbitListener(queues = \"consumer_queue\")public class Receiver {\@RabbitHandlerpublic void processMessage1(String message) {System.out.println(message);}\@RabbitHandlerpublic void processMessage2(byte\[\] message) {System.out.println(new String(message));}}

@Payload

可以获取消息中的 body 信息

\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")public void processMessage1(@Payload String body) {System.out.println(\"body：\"+body);}

@Header，@Headers

可以获得消息中的 headers 信息

\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, \@Header String token){System.out.println(\"body：\"+body);System.out.println(\"token：\"+token);}\@RabbitListener(queues = \"debug\")public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, \@HeadersMap\ headers) {System.out.println(\"body：\"+body);System.out.println(\"Headers：\"+headers);}

快速使用配置xml文件

\org.springframework.boot\\spring-boot-starter-amqp\\

配置exchange、queue注解快速创建版本

\@Configurationpublic class RabbitmqConfig {//创建交换机//通过ExchangeBuilder能创建direct、topic、Fanout类型的交换机\@Bean(\"bootExchange\")public Exchange bootExchange() {returnExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(\"zx_topic_exchange\").durable(true).build();}//创建队列\@Bean(\"bootQueue\")public Queue bootQueue() {return QueueBuilder.durable(\"zx_queue\").build();}/\*\*\* 将队列与交换机绑定\*\* \@param queue\* \@param exchange\* \@return\*/\@Beanpublic Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier(\"bootQueue\") Queue queue,\@Qualifier(\"bootExchange\") Exchange exchange) {returnBindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(\"boot.#\").noargs();}}

Direct

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/\*\*\* \@Author : JCccc\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3\* \@Description :\*\*/\@Configurationpublic class DirectRabbitConfig {//队列 起名：TestDirectQueue\@Beanpublic Queue TestDirectQueue() {//durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列：会被存储在磁盘上，当消息代理重启时仍然存在，暂存队列：当前连接有效//exclusive:默认也是false，只能被当前创建的连接使用，而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable//autoDelete:是否自动删除，当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列，该队列会自动删除。// return new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true,true,false);//一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认falsereturn new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true);}//Direct交换机 起名：TestDirectExchange\@BeanDirectExchange TestDirectExchange() {// return new DirectExchange(\"TestDirectExchange\",true,true);return new DirectExchange(\"TestDirectExchange\",true,false);}//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置用于匹配键：TestDirectRouting\@BeanBinding bindingDirect() {returnBindingBuilder.bind(TestDirectQueue()).to(TestDirectExchange()).with(\"TestDirectRouting\");}\@BeanDirectExchange lonelyDirectExchange() {return new DirectExchange(\"lonelyDirectExchange\");}}

Fanout

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/\*\*\* \@Author : JCccc\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3\* \@Description :\*\*/\@Configurationpublic class FanoutRabbitConfig {/\*\*\* 创建三个队列 ：fanout.A fanout.B fanout.C\* 将三个队列都绑定在交换机 fanoutExchange 上\* 因为是扇型交换机, 路由键无需配置,配置也不起作用\*/\@Beanpublic Queue queueA() {return new Queue(\"fanout.A\");}\@Beanpublic Queue queueB() {return new Queue(\"fanout.B\");}\@Beanpublic Queue queueC() {return new Queue(\"fanout.C\");}\@BeanFanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return new FanoutExchange(\"fanoutExchange\");}\@BeanBinding bindingExchangeA() {return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(fanoutExchange());}\@BeanBinding bindingExchangeB() {return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(fanoutExchange());}\@BeanBinding bindingExchangeC() {return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC()).to(fanoutExchange());}}

Topic

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/\*\*\* \@Author : JCccc\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3\* \@Description :\*\*/\@Configurationpublic class TopicRabbitConfig {//绑定键public final static String man = \"topic.man\";public final static String woman = \"topic.woman\";\@Beanpublic Queue firstQueue() {return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.man);}\@Beanpublic Queue secondQueue() {return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.woman);}\@BeanTopicExchange exchange() {return new TopicExchange(\"topicExchange\");}//将firstQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为topic.man//这样只要是消息携带的路由键是topic.man,才会分发到该队列\@BeanBinding bindingExchangeMessage() {return BindingBuilder.bind(firstQueue()).to(exchange()).with(man);}//将secondQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为用上通配路由键规则topic.#// 这样只要是消息携带的路由键是以topic.开头,都会分发到该队列\@BeanBinding bindingExchangeMessage2() {returnBindingBuilder.bind(secondQueue()).to(exchange()).with(\"topic.#\");}}

生产者发送消息

直接发送给队列

//指定消息队列的名字，直接发送消息到消息队列中\@Testpublic void testSimpleQueue() {// 队列名称String queueName = \"simple.queue\";// 消息String message = \"hello, spring amqp!\";// 发送消息rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);}

发送给交换机，然后走不同的模式

////指定交换机的名字，将消息发送给交换机，然后不同模式下，消息队列根据key得到消息\@Testpublic void testSendDirectExchange() {// 交换机名称，有三种类型String exchangeName = \"itcast.direct\";// 消息String message =\"红色警报！日本乱排核废水，导致海洋生物变异，惊现哥斯拉！\";// 发送消息，red为队列的key，因此此队列会得到消息rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, \"red\", message);}

也可以将发送的消息封装到HashMap中然后发送给交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.time.LocalDateTime;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.UUID;/\*\*\* \@Author : JCccc\* \@CreateTime : 2019/9/3\* \@Description :\*\*/\@RestControllerpublic class SendMessageController {\@AutowiredRabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;//使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法\@GetMapping(\"/sendDirectMessage\")public String sendDirectMessage() {String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());String messageData = \"test message, hello!\";String createTime =LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(\"yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss\"));Map\ map=new HashMap\();map.put(\"messageId\",messageId);map.put(\"messageData\",messageData);map.put(\"createTime\",createTime);//将消息携带绑定键值：TestDirectRouting 发送到交换机TestDirectExchangerabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"TestDirectExchange\",\"TestDirectRouting\", map);return \"ok\";}}

消费者接收消息

//使用注解@RabbitListener定义当前方法监听RabbitMQ中指定名称的消息队列。\@Componentpublic class MessageListener {\@RabbitListener(queues = \"direct_queue\")public void receive(String id){System.out.println(\"已完成短信发送业务(rabbitmq direct)，id：\"+id);}}参数用Map接收也可以\@Component\@RabbitListener(queues = \"TestDirectQueue\")//监听的队列名称TestDirectQueuepublic class DirectReceiver {\@RabbitHandlerpublic void process(Map testMessage) {System.out.println(\"DirectReceiver消费者收到消息 : \" +testMessage.toString());}}

高级特性消息可靠性传递

有confirm和return两种

在application.yml中添加以下配置项：

server:port: 8021spring:#给项目来个名字application:name: rabbitmq-provider#配置rabbitMq 服务器rabbitmq:host: 127.0.0.1port: 5672username: rootpassword: root#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认hostvirtual-host: JCcccHost#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)#publisher-confirms: truepublisher-confirm-type: correlated#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)publisher-returns: true

有两种配置方法：

写到配置类中

写到工具类或者普通类中，但是这个类得实现那两个接口

写法一

编写消息确认回调函数

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;\@Configurationpublic class RabbitConfig {\@Beanpublic RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactoryconnectionFactory){RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);//设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {\@Overridepublic void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, Stringcause) {System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback:\"+\"相关数据：\"+correlationData);System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback: \"+\"确认情况：\"+ack);System.out.println(\"ConfirmCallback: \"+\"原因：\"+cause);}});rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {\@Overridepublic void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, StringreplyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"消息：\"+message);System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"回应码：\"+replyCode);System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"回应信息：\"+replyText);System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"交换机：\"+exchange);System.out.println(\"ReturnCallback: \"+\"路由键：\"+routingKey);}});return rabbitTemplate;}}

写法二

\@Component\@Slf4jpublic class SmsRabbitMqUtils implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {\@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate\ redisTemplate;\@Resourceprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;private String finalId = null;private SmsDTO smsDTO = null;/\*\*\* 发布者确认的回调\*\* \@param correlationData 回调的相关数据。\* \@param b ack为真，nack为假\* \@param s 一个可选的原因，用于nack，如果可用，否则为空。\*/\@Overridepublic void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, Strings) {// 消息发送成功，将redis中消息的状态（status）修改为1if (b) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX +finalId, \"status\", 1);} else {// 发送失败，放入redis失败集合中，并删除集合数据log.error(\"短信消息投送失败：{}\--\>{}\", correlationData, s);redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId,this.smsDTO);}}/\*\*\* 发生异常时的消息返回提醒\*\* \@param returnedMessage\*/\@Overridepublic void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {log.error(\"发生异常，返回消息回调:{}\", returnedMessage);// 发送失败，放入redis失败集合中，并删除集合数据redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId,this.smsDTO);}\@PostConstructpublic void init() {rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);}}

消息确认机制

手动确认

yml配置#手动确认 manuallistener:simple:acknowledge-mode: manual

写法一

首先在消费者项目中创建MessageListenerConfig

import com.elegant.rabbitmqconsumer.receiver.MyAckReceiver;import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;\@Configurationpublic class MessageListenerConfig {\@Autowiredprivate CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;\@Autowiredprivate MyAckReceiver myAckReceiver;//消息接收处理类\@Beanpublic SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer() {SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = newSimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //RabbitMQ默认是自动确认，这里改为手动确认消息//设置一个队列container.setQueueNames(\"TestDirectQueue\");//如果同时设置多个如下： 前提是队列都是必须已经创建存在的//container.setQueueNames(\"TestDirectQueue\",\"TestDirectQueue2\",\"TestDirectQueue3\");//另一种设置队列的方法,如果使用这种情况,那么要设置多个,就使用addQueues//container.setQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue\",true));//container.addQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue2\",true));//container.addQueues(new Queue(\"TestDirectQueue3\",true));container.setMessageListener(myAckReceiver);return container;}}

然后创建手动确认监听类MyAckReceiver(手动确认模式需要实现ChannelAwareMessageListener)

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;import java.io.ObjectInputStream;import java.util.Map;\@Componentpublic class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {\@Overridepublic void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception{long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();try {byte\[\] body = message.getBody();ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(newByteArrayInputStream(body));Map\ msgMap = (Map\) ois.readObject();String messageId = msgMap.get(\"messageId\");String messageData = msgMap.get(\"messageData\");String createTime = msgMap.get(\"createTime\");ois.close();System.out.println(\" MyAckReceiver messageId:\"+messageId+\"messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);System.out.println(\"消费的主题消息来自：\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);//第二个参数，手动确认可以被批处理，当该参数为 true 时，则可以一次性确认delivery_tag 小于等于传入值的所有消息//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag,true);//第二个参数，true会重新放回队列，所以需要自己根据业务逻辑判断什么时候使用拒绝} catch (Exception e) {channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);e.printStackTrace();}}}

如果想实现不同的队列，有不同的监听确认处理机制，做不同的业务处理，那么这样做：

首先需要在配置类中绑定队列，然后只需要根据消息来自不同的队列名进行区分处理即可

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;import java.io.ObjectInputStream;import java.util.Map;\@Componentpublic class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {\@Overridepublic void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception{long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();try {byte\[\] body = message.getBody();ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(newByteArrayInputStream(body));Map\ msgMap = (Map\) ois.readObject();String messageId = msgMap.get(\"messageId\");String messageData = msgMap.get(\"messageData\");String createTime = msgMap.get(\"createTime\");ois.close();if(\"TestDirectQueue\".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){System.out.println(\"消费的消息来自的队列名为：\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());System.out.println(\"消息成功消费到 messageId:\"+messageId+\"messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);System.out.println(\"执行TestDirectQueue中的消息的业务处理流程\...\...\");}if(\"fanout.A\".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){System.out.println(\"消费的消息来自的队列名为：\"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());System.out.println(\"消息成功消费到 messageId:\"+messageId+\"messageData:\"+messageData+\" createTime:\"+createTime);System.out.println(\"执行fanout.A中的消息的业务处理流程\...\...\");}channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);//为true会重新放回队列} catch (Exception e) {channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);e.printStackTrace();}}}

写法二

\@Component\@Slf4jpublic class SendSmsListener {\@Resourceprivate RedisTemplate\ redisTemplate;\@Resourceprivate SendSmsUtils sendSmsUtils;/\*\*\* 监听发送短信普通队列\* \@param smsDTO\* \@param message\* \@param channel\* \@throws IOException\*/\@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_QUEUE_NAME)public void sendSmsListener(SmsDTO smsDTO, Message message, Channelchannel) throws IOException {String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();int retryCount = (int)redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX +messageId, \"retryCount\");if (retryCount \> 3) {//重试次数大于3，直接放到死信队列log.error(\"短信消息重试超过3次：{}\", messageId);//basicReject方法拒绝deliveryTag对应的消息，第二个参数是否requeue，true则重新入队列，否则丢弃或者进入死信队列。//该方法reject后，该消费者还是会消费到该条被reject的消息。channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);return;}try {String phoneNum = smsDTO.getPhoneNum();String code = smsDTO.getCode();if(StringUtils.isAnyBlank(phoneNum,code)){throw new RuntimeException(\"sendSmsListener参数为空\");}// 发送消息SendSmsResponse sendSmsResponse = sendSmsUtils.sendSmsResponse(phoneNum,code);SendStatus\[\] sendStatusSet = sendSmsResponse.getSendStatusSet();SendStatus sendStatus = sendStatusSet\[0\];if(!\"Ok\".equals(sendStatus.getCode()) \|\|!\"sendsuccess\".equals(sendStatus.getMessage())){throw new RuntimeException(\"发送验证码失败\");}//手动确认消息channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);log.info(\"短信发送成功：{}\",smsDTO);redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);} catch (Exception e) {redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX+messageId,\"retryCount\",retryCount+1);channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);}}/\*\*\* 监听到发送短信死信队列\* \@param sms\* \@param message\* \@param channel\* \@throws IOException\*/\@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)public void smsDelayQueueListener(SmsDTO sms, Message message, Channelchannel) throws IOException {try{log.error(\"监听到死信队列消息==\>{}\",sms);channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);}catch (Exception e){channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);}}}

消费端限流

#配置RabbitMQspring:rabbitmq:host: 192.168.126.3port: 5672username: guestpassword: guestvirtual-host: /#开启自动确认 none 手动确认 manuallistener:simple:#消费端限流机制必须开启手动确认acknowledge-mode: manual#消费端最多拉取的消息条数，签收后不满该条数才会继续拉取prefetch: 5

消息存活时间TTL

可以设置队列的存活时间，也可以设置具体消息的存活时间

设置队列中所有消息的存活时间

return QueueBuilder

.durable(QUEUE_NAME)//队列持久化

.ttl(10000)//设置队列的所有消息存活10s

.build();

即在创建队列时，设置存活时间

设置某条消息的存活时间

//发送消息，并设置该消息的存活时间

\@Testpublic void testSendMessage(){//1.创建消息属性MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();//2.设置存活时间messageProperties.setExpiration(\"10000\");//3.创建消息对象Message message = newMessage(\"sendMessage\...\".getBytes(),messageProperties);//4.发送消息rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"my_topic_exchange1\",\"my_routing\",message);}

若设置中间的消息的存活时间，当过期时，该消息不会被移除，但是该消息已经不会被消费了，需要等到该消息到队里顶端才会被移除。因为队列是头出，尾进，故而要移除它需要等到它在顶端时才可以。

在队列设置存活时间，也在单条消息设置存活时间，则以时间短的为准

死信队列

死信队列和普通队列没有任何区别，只需要将普通队列需要绑定死信交换机和死信队列就能够实现功能

import org.springframework.amqp.core.\*;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;\@Configuration//Rabbit配置类public class RabbitConfig4 {private final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = \"dead_exchange\";private final String DEAD_QUEUE = \"dead_queue\";private final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = \"normal_exchange\";private final String NORMAL_QUEUE = \"normal_queue\";//创建死信交换机\@Bean(DEAD_EXCHANGE)public Exchange deadExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字topic为通配符模式的交换机.durable(true)//是否持久化，true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上.build();}//创建死信队列\@Bean(DEAD_QUEUE)public Queue deadQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(DEAD_QUEUE)//队列持久化//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级，最大可以设置255，但官网推荐不超过10，太高比较浪费资源.build();}//死信交换机绑定死信队列\@Bean//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用public Binding bindDeadQueue(@Qualifier(DEAD_EXCHANGE) Exchangeexchange, \@Qualifier(DEAD_QUEUE) Queue queue){return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(\"dead_routing\").noargs();}//创建普通交换机\@Bean(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)public Exchange normalExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字topic为通配符模式的交换机.durable(true)//是否持久化，true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上.build();}//创建普通队列\@Bean(NORMAL_QUEUE)public Queue normalQueue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE)//队列持久化//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级，最大可以设置255，但官网推荐不超过10，太高比较浪费资源.deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//绑定死信交换机.deadLetterRoutingKey(\"dead_routing\")//死信队列路由关键字.ttl(10000)//消息存活10s.maxLength(10)//队列最大长度为10.build();}//普通交换机绑定普通队列\@Bean//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用public Binding bindNormalQueue(@Qualifier(NORMAL_EXCHANGE) Exchangeexchange, \@Qualifier(NORMAL_QUEUE) Queue queue){return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(\"my_routing\").noargs();}}

延迟队列

RabbitMQ并未实现延迟队列功能，所以可以通过死信队列实现延迟队列的功能

即给普通队列设置存活时间30分钟，过期后发送至死信队列，在死信消费者监听死信队列消息，查看订单状态，是否支付，未支付则取消订单，回退库存即可。

消费者监听延迟队列

\@Componentpublic class ExpireOrderConsumer {//监听过期订单队列\@RabbitListener(queues = \"expire_queue\")public void listenMessage(String orderId){//模拟处理数据库等业务System.out.println(\"查询\"+orderId+\"号订单的状态，如果已支付无需处理，如果未支付则回退库存\");}}控制层代码\@RestControllerpublic class OrderController {\@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;\@RequestMapping(value = \"/place/{orderId}\",method =RequestMethod.GET)public String placeOrder(@PathVariable String orderId){//模拟service层处理System.out.println(\"处理订单数据\...\");//将订单id发送到订单队列rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(\"order_exchange\",\"order_routing\",orderId);return \"下单成功，修改库存\";}}