本文所涉及到的yolov5网络为5.0版本，后续有需求会更新6.0版本。

CBAM注意力

# class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):# def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):# super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()# self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)# self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)## self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False)# self.relu = nn.ReLU()# self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False)# # 写法二,亦可使用顺序容器# # self.sharedMLP = nn.Sequential(# # nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False), nn.ReLU(),# # nn.Conv2d(in_planes // rotio, in_planes, 1, bias=False))## self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()## def forward(self, x):# avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))# max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))# out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)# return out### class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):# def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):# super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()## assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'# padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1## self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)# self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()## def forward(self, x):# avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)# max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)# x = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)# x = self.conv(x)# return self.sigmoid(x)### class CBAMC3(nn.Module):# # CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions# def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):# ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion# super(CBAMC3, self).__init__()# c_ = int(c2 * e)# hidden channels# self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)# self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)# self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)# self.m = nn.Sequential(*[Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)])# self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c2, 16)# self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(7)## # self.m = nn.Sequential(*[CrossConv(c_, c_, 3, 1, g, 1.0, shortcut) for _ in range(n)])## def forward(self, x):# out = self.channel_attention(x) * x# print('outchannels:{}'.format(out.shape))# out = self.spatial_attention(out) * out# return out

CBAM代码 2022.1.26更新

受大佬指点，指出上述cbam模块不匹配yolov5工程代码，yolov5加入cbam注意力的代码以下述代码为准：（如果用这段代码，yolo.py和yaml文件中相应的CBAMC3也要换成CBAM，下面的SE同理）

class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False)self.relu = nn.ReLU()self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False)# 写法二,亦可使用顺序容器# self.sharedMLP = nn.Sequential(# nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False), nn.ReLU(),# nn.Conv2d(in_planes // rotio, in_planes, 1, bias=False))self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)return outclass SpatialAttention(nn.Module):def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)x = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)x = self.conv(x)return self.sigmoid(x)class CBAM(nn.Module):# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutionsdef __init__(self, c1, c2, ratio=16, kernel_size=7):# ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansionsuper(CBAM, self).__init__()# c_ = int(c2 * e)# hidden channels# self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)# self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)# self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)# self.m = nn.Sequential(*[Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)])self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c1, ratio)self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)# self.m = nn.Sequential(*[CrossConv(c_, c_, 3, 1, g, 1.0, shortcut) for _ in range(n)])def forward(self, x):out = self.channel_attention(x) * x# print('outchannels:{}'.format(out.shape))out = self.spatial_attention(out) * outreturn out

1.这里是卷积注意力的代码，我一般喜欢加在common.py的C3模块后面，不需要做改动，傻瓜ctrl+c+v就可以了。

2.在yolo.py里做改动。在parse_model函数里将对应代码用以下代码替换，还是傻瓜ctrl+c+v。

 if m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR,CBAMC3]:c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]if c2 != no:# if not outputc2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3,CBAMC3]:args.insert(2, n)# number of repeatsn = 1

3.在yaml文件里改动。比如你要用s网络，我是这样改的：将骨干网络中的C3模块全部替换为CBAMC3模块（这里需要注意的是，这样改动只能加载少部分预训练权重）。如果不想改动这么大，那么接着往下看。

pytorch中加入注意力机制（CBAM），以yolov5为例_YY_172的博客-CSDN博客_yolov5加注意力

这是首发将CBAM注意力添加到yolov5网络中的博主，我也是看了他的方法，侵删。

backbone:# [from, number, module, args][[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]],# 0-P1/2 [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],# 1-P2/4 [-1, 3,CBAMC3, [128]], [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],# 3-P3/8 [-1, 9, CBAMC3, [256]], [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],# 5-P4/16 [-1, 9, CBAMC3, [512]], [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],# 7-P5/32 [-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]], [-1, 3, CBAMC3, [1024, False]],# 9]

SE注意力

class SELayer(nn.Module):def __init__(self, c1, r=16):super(SELayer, self).__init__()self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)self.l1 = nn.Linear(c1, c1 // r, bias=False)self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)self.l2 = nn.Linear(c1 // r, c1, bias=False)self.sig = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):b, c, _, _ = x.size()y = self.avgpool(x).view(b, c)y = self.l1(y)y = self.relu(y)y = self.l2(y)y = self.sig(y)y = y.view(b, c, 1, 1)return x * y.expand_as(x)

2022.1.26SE代码更新

受同一位大佬指正，上述部分的se代码同样没有匹配yolov5工程代码，将修改后的se代码贴出，se注意力的代码以下述为准：

class SE(nn.Module):def __init__(self, c1, c2, r=16):super(SE, self).__init__()self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)self.l1 = nn.Linear(c1, c1 // r, bias=False)self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)self.l2 = nn.Linear(c1 // r, c1, bias=False)self.sig = nn.Sigmoid()def forward(self, x):print(x.size())b, c, _, _ = x.size()y = self.avgpool(x).view(b, c)y = self.l1(y)y = self.relu(y)y = self.l2(y)y = self.sig(y)y = y.view(b, c, 1, 1)return x * y.expand_as(x)

1.这里是SE注意力的代码段，同上一个注意力的加法一样，我喜欢加在C3后面。

2.在yolo.py中做改动。

def parse_model(d, ch):# model_dict, input_channels(3)logger.info('\n%3s%18s%3s%10s%-40s%-30s' % ('', 'from', 'n', 'params', 'module', 'arguments'))anchors, nc, gd, gw = d['anchors'], d['nc'], d['depth_multiple'], d['width_multiple']na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors# number of anchorsno = na * (nc + 5)# number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1]# layers, savelist, ch outfor i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']):# from, number, module, argsm = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m# eval stringsfor j, a in enumerate(args):try:args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a# eval stringsexcept:passn = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n# depth gainif m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, CoordAtt, SELayer, eca_layer, CBAM]:c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]if c2 != no:# if not outputc2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR]:args.insert(2, n)# number of repeatsn = 1elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:args = [ch[f]]elif m is Concat:c2 = sum([ch[x] for x in f])elif m is Detect:args.append([ch[x] for x in f])if isinstance(args[1], int):# number of anchorsargs[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)elif m is Contract:c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2elif m is Expand:c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2else:c2 = ch[f]

3.在你要用的yaml文件中做改动。

backbone:# [from, number, module, args][[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]],# 0-P1/2 [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],# 1-P2/4 [-1, 3,C3, [128]], [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],# 3-P3/8 [-1, 9, C3, [256]], [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],# 5-P4/16 [-1, 9, C3, [512]], [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],# 7-P5/32 [-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]], [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],# 9 [-1, 1, SELayer, [1024, 4]]]

运行成功后是这样的

应该能看到那个注意力加在哪里了吧，这就是用上了。

这是我用的另一种添加注意力的方法，这种方法会加载预训练权重，推荐大家使用这种方法。既然推荐大家使用这种方法，那我推荐添加CBAM注意力那种方法目的是啥呢？哈哈哈哈再往下看。

天池竞赛-布匹缺陷检测baseline提升过程-给yolov5模型添加注意力机制_pprp的博客-CSDN博客_yolov5注意力机制

这是我看的将SE注意力添加到 yolov5模型里的博客，我同样也是引用了这位博主的方法，感谢分享，侵删。

ECA注意力

# class eca_layer(nn.Module):# """Constructs a ECA module.# Args:# channel: Number of channels of the input feature map# k_size: Adaptive selection of kernel size# """# def __init__(self, channel, k_size=3):# super(eca_layer, self).__init__()# self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)# self.conv = nn.Conv1d(1, 1, kernel_size=k_size, padding=(k_size - 1) // 2, bias=False)# self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()## def forward(self, x):# # feature descriptor on the global spatial information# y = self.avg_pool(x)## # Two different branches of ECA module# y = self.conv(y.squeeze(-1).transpose(-1, -2)).transpose(-1, -2).unsqueeze(-1)## # Multi-scale information fusion# y = self.sigmoid(y)# x=x*y.expand_as(x)## return x * y.expand_as(x)

1.这里是注意力代码片段，放到自己的脚本里把注释取消掉就可以了，添加的位置同上，这里就不说了。

2.改动yolo.py。看以下代码段。

if m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR]:c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]if c2 != no:# if not outputc2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3,eca_layer]:args.insert(2, n)# number of repeatsn = 1elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:args = [ch[f]]elif m is Concat:c2 = sum([ch[x] for x in f])elif m is Detect:args.append([ch[x] for x in f])if isinstance(args[1], int):# number of anchorsargs[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)elif m is Contract:c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2elif m is Expand:c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2elif m is eca_layer:channel=args[0]channel=make_divisible(channel*gw,8)if channel != no else channelargs=[channel]else:c2 = ch[f]

3.改动你要用的yaml文件。这里我要解释一下为什么交代了两种添加注意力的方法（第一种：将骨干里的C3全部替换掉；第二种：在骨干最后一层加注意力，做一个输出层）。第二种方法的模型目前还在跑，还没出结果，不过模型的结果也能猜个大概，有稳定的微小提升，detect效果不会提升太多；我在用第一种方法将ECA注意力全部替换掉骨干里的C3时，模型的p、r、map均出现了下降的情况，大概就是一个两个点，但是令人意外的是，他的检测效果很好，能够检测到未作改动前的模型很多检测不到的目标，当然也会比原模型出现更多的误检和漏检情况，手动改阈值后好了很多，因为数据集涉及到公司机密，所以这里就不放出来了，我做的是安全帽的检测，有兴趣的同学可以尝试一下这种添加注意力的方法。

看下其中一张的检测结果。

如果只是求提高模型准确率，推荐第二种方法。

接下来就是发表在今年CVPR上的注意力了。

CoorAttention

# class h_sigmoid(nn.Module):# def __init__(self, inplace=True):# super(h_sigmoid, self).__init__()# self.relu = nn.ReLU6(inplace=inplace)## def forward(self, x):# return self.relu(x + 3) / 6### class h_swish(nn.Module):# def __init__(self, inplace=True):# super(h_swish, self).__init__()# self.sigmoid = h_sigmoid(inplace=inplace)## def forward(self, x):# return x * self.sigmoid(x)# class CoordAtt(nn.Module):# def __init__(self, inp, oup, reduction=32):# super(CoordAtt, self).__init__()# self.pool_h = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((None, 1))# self.pool_w = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, None))## mip = max(8, inp // reduction)## self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(inp, mip, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)# self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(mip)# self.act = h_swish()## self.conv_h = nn.Conv2d(mip, oup, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)# self.conv_w = nn.Conv2d(mip, oup, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)## def forward(self, x):# identity = x## n, c, h, w = x.size()# x_h = self.pool_h(x)# x_w = self.pool_w(x).permute(0, 1, 3, 2)## y = torch.cat([x_h, x_w], dim=2)# y = self.conv1(y)# y = self.bn1(y)# y = self.act(y)## x_h, x_w = torch.split(y, [h, w], dim=2)# x_w = x_w.permute(0, 1, 3, 2)## a_h = self.conv_h(x_h).sigmoid()# a_w = self.conv_w(x_w).sigmoid()## out = identity * a_w * a_h## return out

这是代码段，加在common.py的C3模块后面

这里是改动yolo.py的部分，最后在yaml文件里的改动这里就不说了，前面提供了两种方法供大家使用，大家可以自行选择。

def parse_model(d, ch):# model_dict, input_channels(3)logger.info('\n%3s%18s%3s%10s%-40s%-30s' % ('', 'from', 'n', 'params', 'module', 'arguments'))anchors, nc, gd, gw = d['anchors'], d['nc'], d['depth_multiple'], d['width_multiple']na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors# number of anchorsno = na * (nc + 5)# number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1]# layers, savelist, ch outfor i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']):# from, number, module, argsm = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m# eval stringsfor j, a in enumerate(args):try:args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a# eval stringsexcept:passn = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n# depth gainif m in [Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv, BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR,CBAMC3,CoordAtt]:#c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]if c2 != no:# if not outputc2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR]:args.insert(2, n)# number of repeatsn = 1elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:args = [ch[f]]elif m is Concat:c2 = sum([ch[x] for x in f])elif m is Detect:args.append([ch[x] for x in f])if isinstance(args[1], int):# number of anchorsargs[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)elif m is Contract:c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2elif m is Expand:c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2# elif m is eca_layer:# channel=args[0]# channel=make_divisible(channel*gw,8)if channel != no else channel# args=[channel] elif m is CoordAtt:inp,oup,re = args[0],args[1],args[2]oup = make_divisible(oup * gw, 8) if oup != no else oupargs = [inp,oup,re]else:c2 = ch[f]

后面的ECA和CA注意力添加方法是我对着前两位博主照葫芦画瓢，在我的本地运行多次，就俩字，好用，以后的注意力也可以按照这种方法去添加。

yolov5-6.0版本的注意力添加方法请移步这里

各种注意力的添加方法以及如何work，我都懂一些，如果有需要的朋友可以联系我，赚点生活费。

2022.2.14更：本人已实现使用densenet替换focus、neck中fpn结构改为bi-fpn代码，有需要的小伙伴请私聊，赚点生活费。可用于毕业以及硕士小论文发表的trick。

不胜感激，最后祝大家年薪百万。

扯完了。