特别说明：参考官方开源的yolov8代码、瑞芯微官方文档、地平线的官方文档，如有侵权告知删，谢谢。
模型和完整仿真测试代码，放在github上参考链接 模型和代码。
跟上技术的步伐，yolov8 首个板端芯片部署。
1 模型和训练
训练代码参考官方开源的yolov8训练代码，由于SiLU在有些板端芯片上还不支持，因此将其改为ReLU。
2 导出 yolov8 onnx
后处理中有些算在板端芯片上效率低或者不支持，导出 onnx 需要将板端芯片不友好或不支持算子规避掉。导出onnx修改的部分。
第一步：
进行预测将pt只保存权重，增加代码如下图。
# 保存权重值import torchself.model.fuse()self.model.eval()torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), './weights/Yolov8_dict.pt')# self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load('./weights/Yolov8_dict.pt', map_location='cpu'))修改后运行以下代码：
from ultralytics import YOLOmodel = YOLO('./weights/yolov8n_coco128.pt')results = model(task='detect', mode='predict', source='./images/test.jpg', line_thickness=3, show=True, save=True, device='cpu')第二步：
导出onnx，去除不需要的算子。修改代码如下。
# headsclass Detect(nn.Module):# YOLOv8 Detect head for detection modelsdynamic = False# force grid reconstructionexport = False# export modeshape = Noneanchors = torch.empty(0)# initstrides = torch.empty(0)# initdef __init__(self, nc=80, ch=()):# detection layersuper().__init__()self.nc = nc# number of classesself.nl = len(ch)# number of detection layersself.reg_max = 16# DFL channels (ch[0] // 16 to scale 4/8/12/16/20 for n/s/m/l/x)self.no = nc + self.reg_max * 4# number of outputs per anchorself.stride = torch.zeros(self.nl)# strides computed during buildc2, c3 = max((16, ch[0] // 4, self.reg_max * 4)), max(ch[0], self.nc)# channelsself.cv2 = nn.ModuleList(nn.Sequential(Conv(x, c2, 3), Conv(c2, c2, 3), nn.Conv2d(c2, 4 * self.reg_max, 1)) for x in ch)self.cv3 = nn.ModuleList(nn.Sequential(Conv(x, c3, 3), Conv(c3, c3, 3), nn.Conv2d(c3, self.nc, 1)) for x in ch)self.dfl = DFL(self.reg_max) if self.reg_max > 1 else nn.Identity()# 导出 onnx 增加self.conv1x1 = nn.Conv2d(16, 1, 1, bias=False).requires_grad_(False)x = torch.arange(16, dtype=torch.float)self.conv1x1.weight.data[:] = nn.Parameter(x.view(1, 16, 1, 1))def forward(self, x):shape = x[0].shape# BCHWy = []for i in range(self.nl):t1 = self.cv2[i](x[i])t2 = self.cv3[i](x[i])y.append(self.conv1x1(t1.view(t1.shape[0], 4, 16, -1).transpose(2, 1).softmax(1)))# y.append(t2.sigmoid())y.append(t2)return yfor i in range(self.nl):x[i] = torch.cat((self.cv2[i](x[i]), self.cv3[i](x[i])), 1)if self.training:return xelif self.dynamic or self.shape != shape:self.anchors, self.strides = (x.transpose(0, 1) for x in make_anchors(x, self.stride, 0.5))self.shape = shapebox, cls = torch.cat([xi.view(shape[0], self.no, -1) for xi in x], 2).split((self.reg_max * 4, self.nc), 1)dbox = dist2bbox(self.dfl(box), self.anchors.unsqueeze(0), xywh=True, dim=1) * self.stridesy = torch.cat((dbox, cls.sigmoid()), 1)return y if self.export else (y, x)def bias_init(self):# Initialize Detect() biases, WARNING: requires stride availabilitym = self# self.model[-1]# Detect() module# cf = torch.bincount(torch.tensor(np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0]).long(), minlength=nc) + 1# ncf = math.log(0.6 / (m.nc - 0.999999)) if cf is None else torch.log(cf / cf.sum())# nominal class frequencyfor a, b, s in zip(m.cv2, m.cv3, m.stride):# froma[-1].bias.data[:] = 1.0# boxb[-1].bias.data[:m.nc] = math.log(5 / m.nc / (640 / s) ** 2)# cls (.01 objects, 80 classes, 640 img)增加保存onnx模型代码，如下：
# 导出 onnx 增加import torchself.model.fuse()self.model.eval()self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load('./weights/Yolov8_dict.pt', map_location='cpu'), strict=False)print("===========onnx =========== ")dummy_input = torch.randn(1, 3, 640, 640)input_names = ["data"]output_names = ["cls1", "reg1", "cls2", "reg2", "cls3", "reg3"]torch.onnx.export(self.model, dummy_input, "./weights/yolov8n_ZQ.onnx", verbose=False, input_names=input_names, output_names=output_names, opset_version=11)print("======================== convert onnx Finished! .... ")以上修改后完运行以下代码：
from ultralytics import YOLOmodel = YOLO('./ultralytics/models/v8/yolov8n.yaml')results = model(task='detect', mode='predict', source='./images/test3.jpg', line_thickness=3, show=False, save=True, device='cpu')3 yolov8 onnx 测试效果
onnx模型和测试完整代码，放在github上代码。
注：图片来源coco128
4 yolov8导出瑞芯微rknn和地平线horizon仿真测试
4.1 瑞芯微 rknn 仿真
瑞芯微环境搭建和详细步骤参考上一篇 【瑞芯微RKNN模型转换和PC端仿真】。
yolov8导出rknn模型代码和后处理参考 yolov8_rknn
4.2 地平线仿真
地平线环境搭建和详细步骤参考上一篇 【地平线Horizon模型转换和PC端仿真测试】。
yolov8导出地平线模型代码和后处理参考 yolov8_horizon