本文讲解使用本地开发工具编写、部署智能合约。

  • 准备环境
    • Visual Studio Code
    • Node
    • 安装solidity插件，如图所示:
    • 同理安装Prettier – Code formatter插件
      安装插件后，重启Visual Studio Code
PS D:\blockchain\ehthers-simple-storage-fcc> node --versionv16.4.1

1. 新建SimpleStorage.sol文件

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MITpragma solidity 0.8.7;contract SimpleStorage {uint256 favoriteNumber;struct People {uint256 favoriteNumber;string name;}People[] public people;mapping(string => uint256) public nameToFavoriteNumber;function store(uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {favoriteNumber = _favoriteNumber;}function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {return favoriteNumber;}function addPerson(string memory _name, uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {people.push(People(_favoriteNumber, _name));nameToFavoriteNumber[_name] = _favoriteNumber;}}

2. 新建.vscode/settings.json中添加格式化插件

{"[solidity]": {// 默认代码格式化方式"editor.defaultFormatter":"NomicFoundation.hardhat-solidity"},"[javascript]": {"editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"}}

3. 编译solidity

# 由于npm版本低于16.10# 详见https://yarnpkg.com/getting-started/install#install-corepacknpm i -g corepackyarn add solc@0.8.7-fixedyarn solcjs --bin --abi --include-path node_modules/ --base-path . -o . SimpleStorage.sol

现在我们把脚本放置到package.json中，下次直接点击即可编译

{"dependencies": {"solc": "0.8.7-fixed"},"scripts": {"compile": "yarn solcjs --bin --abi --include-path node_modules/ --base-path . -o . SimpleStorage.sol"}}

4. 安装ganache

https://trufflesuite.com/ganache/

windows开发者设置，打开开发者模式，然后进入powershell

Add-AppxPackage -Path "D:\Users\Domi\Downloads\Ganache-2.5.4-win-x64.appx"

启动应用后，找到
RPC SERVER：http://127.0.0.1:7545
NETWORK ID：5777

5.新建deploy.js

const ethers = require("ethers");const fs = require("fs-extra");require("dotenv").config();async function main() {let provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(process.env.RPC_URL);// 私钥不加密方式，开发let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY, provider);// 生产环境私钥一定要加密，并且history历史命令记录也要清空，否则后果自负！！！！！！！！// const encryptedJson = fs.readFileSync("./.encryptedKey.json", "utf8");// let wallet = new ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJsonSync(// encryptedJson,// process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD// );// wallet = wallet.connect(provider);const abi = fs.readFileSync("./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.abi", "utf8");const binary = fs.readFileSync("./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.bin","utf8");const contractFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, binary, wallet);console.log("Deploying, please wait...");const contract = await contractFactory.deploy();const deploymentReceipt = await contract.deployTransaction.wait(1);console.log(`Contract deployed to ${contract.address}`);let currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();console.log(`Current Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber}`);console.log("Updating favorite number...");let transactionResponse = await contract.store(7);let transactionReceipt = await transactionResponse.wait();currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();console.log(`New Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber}`);}main().then(() => process.exit(0)).catch((error) => {console.error(error);process.exit(1);});

新建.env配置文件

# 随便找个本地ganache账户address的私钥【点击】PRIVATE_KEY=fb5bd474d1e90d0083591744e12619bac24d29f1f56cb766653de494be9e6dc7# 修改为本机ganache RPC SERVER地址RPC_URL=http://127.0.0.1:7545PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD=password

安装deploy.js中依赖的包

npm install --save ethersnpm install dotenvnpm install fs-extra

6. 运行deploy.js本地部署合约

node deploy.js

成了，是不是很激动呢，

下一篇，我们将介绍私钥管理及在测试网与主网上部署合约

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