为了能够更好的学习K8S，王道还是得自己动手

在虚拟机上玩K8S，没啥感觉。决定挑战自己，然后买了6个树莓派，在真实的硬件上从零开始搭建部署K8S。以下内容在自己的树莓派集群上经过充分验证，没毛病。成品如下图：

树莓派供电用的是带POE功能的交换机，每一个树莓派都配备了POE HAT（可淘宝搜索，100左右一只）

废话不多说，直接上干货

1. 各树莓派节点的规划设计：

2. 各节点基本情况：

3. 首先选择一个节点当做load balance，我这里选择的是piW3节点。这个节点后续还会承担harbor镜像库、nfs服务器等职责，为搭建CICD做准备。说白了，piW3就是个集中存储区

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户#sudo su - #首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式COLOR_START='echo -e \033[35;49m'COLOR_END='\033[0m'${COLOR_START}"安装Nginx"${COLOR_END}apt install nginx -ycd /etc/nginx${COLOR_START}"配置Nginx"${COLOR_END}nano nginx.confstream {include stream.conf;}${COLOR_START}"增加新内容，这三台的IP就是我们的三台master的IP，端口都设置了6443"${COLOR_END}nano stream.confupstream k8s-apiserver {server 192.168.3.101:6443;server 192.168.3.102:6443;server 192.168.3.103:6443;}${COLOR_START}"检查Nginx"${COLOR_END}nginx -t${COLOR_START}"重启Nginx"${COLOR_END}systemctl restart nginx${COLOR_START}"删除文件夹，防止Nginx报错"${COLOR_END}cd sites-enabledrm -rf default${COLOR_START}"重启Nginx"${COLOR_END}systemctl restart nginx${COLOR_START}"查看Nginx运行状态"${COLOR_END}ps -ef | grep nginx

4. 在主控节点上部署K8S，我这里选择的是piM1。piM1在集群中除了承担主节点的职责以外，还安装了NAT，方便进行外网穿梭。在外面的时候，也能方便的访问集群。NAT我选的是花生壳，自己申请了域名（NAT教程网上很多，自行搜索）

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户#sudo su - #首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式COLOR_START='echo -e \033[35;49m'COLOR_END='\033[0m'${COLOR_START}"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"${COLOR_END}cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF192.168.3.101 piM1192.168.3.102 piM2192.168.3.103 piM3192.168.3.111 piW1192.168.3.112 piW2192.168.3.113 piW3EOF${COLOR_START}"关闭SWAP"${COLOR_END}swapoff -ased -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab${COLOR_START}"添加加载的内核模块"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOFoverlaybr_netfilterEOF${COLOR_START}"加载内核模块"${COLOR_END}modprobe overlaymodprobe br_netfilter${COLOR_START}"设置并应用内核参数"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1${COLOR_START}"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"containerd重启及服务永久启动"${COLOR_END}systemctl restart containerdsystemctl enable containerd${COLOR_START}"添加apt-key"${COLOR_END}curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -${COLOR_START}"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"${COLOR_END}#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenialapt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"apt update${COLOR_START}"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"${COLOR_END}apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectlapt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectlkubeadm version${COLOR_START}"开启路由功能"${COLOR_END}sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1${COLOR_START}"初始化kubernetes，指定版本号为最新版1.25.2，192.168.3.113为k8s-lb-nginx负载均衡机器的IP"${COLOR_END}kubeadm init \--kubernetes-version=v1.25.2\--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --v=5 \--control-plane-endpoint "192.168.3.113:6443" \--upload-certs \--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16${COLOR_START}"设置K8S"${COLOR_END}mkdir -p $HOME/.kubecp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configchown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config${COLOR_START}"导出K8S设置"${COLOR_END}export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf${COLOR_START}"查看K8S安装信息"${COLOR_END}kubectl cluster-infokubectl get nodesreboot${COLOR_START}"所有节点全部安装完毕后，再进行验证"${COLOR_END}kubectl create deployment demoapp --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/raymond9/demoapp:v1.0 --replicas=3

5. 在另外两个次主控节点上部署K8S，我选择了piM2，piM3作为次主控节点。脚本如下

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户#sudo su - #首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式COLOR_START='echo -e \033[35;49m'COLOR_END='\033[0m'${COLOR_START}"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"${COLOR_END}cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF192.168.3.101 piM1192.168.3.102 piM2192.168.3.103 piM3192.168.3.111 piW1192.168.3.112 piW2192.168.3.113 piW3EOF${COLOR_START}"关闭SWAP"${COLOR_END}swapoff -ased -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab${COLOR_START}"添加加载的内核模块"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOFoverlaybr_netfilterEOF${COLOR_START}"加载内核模块"${COLOR_END}modprobe overlaymodprobe br_netfilter${COLOR_START}"设置并应用内核参数"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1${COLOR_START}"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"containerd重启及服务永久启动"${COLOR_END}systemctl restart containerdsystemctl enable containerd${COLOR_START}"添加apt-key"${COLOR_END}curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -${COLOR_START}"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"${COLOR_END}#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenialapt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"apt update${COLOR_START}"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"${COLOR_END}apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectlapt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectlkubeadm version${COLOR_START}"开启路由功能"${COLOR_END}sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1${COLOR_START}"加入K8S主节点"${COLOR_END}#在piM1部署完毕后，会给出token的值，下面的这一大串，改成你自己的token就OK了kubeadm join 192.168.3.113:6443 --token 3sg1n6.fmfhugf6vvkmlamm \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6fc40306eec524a911a38983228bd2ec6e969a590da1a99827153279aaff7cf3 \--control-plane --certificate-key a9f3c1bb90e3cddd5c27d6669b76d8f6d06130851cd0430453187aeecb2aaa67${COLOR_START}"修改K8S配置"${COLOR_END}mkdir -p $HOME/.kubecp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configchown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configreboot

6. 在所有的node节点上部署K8S，我选择的是piW1，piW2，piW3。脚本如下：

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户#sudo su - #首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式COLOR_START='echo -e \033[35;49m'COLOR_END='\033[0m'${COLOR_START}"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"${COLOR_END}cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF192.168.3.101 piM1192.168.3.102 piM2192.168.3.103 piM3192.168.3.111 piW1192.168.3.112 piW2192.168.3.113 piW3EOF${COLOR_START}"关闭SWAP"${COLOR_END}swapoff -ased -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab${COLOR_START}"添加加载的内核模块"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOFoverlaybr_netfilterEOF${COLOR_START}"加载内核模块"${COLOR_END}modprobe overlaymodprobe br_netfilter${COLOR_START}"设置并应用内核参数"${COLOR_END}tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1${COLOR_START}"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"${COLOR_END}sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml${COLOR_START}"containerd重启及服务永久启动"${COLOR_END}systemctl restart containerdsystemctl enable containerd${COLOR_START}"添加apt-key"${COLOR_END}curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -${COLOR_START}"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"${COLOR_END}#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenialapt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"apt update${COLOR_START}"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"${COLOR_END}apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectlapt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectlkubeadm version${COLOR_START}"开启路由功能"${COLOR_END}sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1${COLOR_START}"加入K8S节点"${COLOR_END}#替换成自己主控节点的token就可以了kubeadm join 192.168.3.113:6443 --token 3sg1n6.fmfhugf6vvkmlamm \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6fc40306eec524a911a38983228bd2ec6e969a590da1a99827153279aaff7cf3reboot

7. 部署集群CNI

现在执行命令kubectl get node -A显示节点状态为NotReady，因为网络还没准备好。

在主控节点上部署CNI网络插件

#安装calico网络插件kubectl apply -f "https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml"

8. 验证部署结果