Vue3实战教程(快速入门)
- 前言
- 1.搭建脚手架
- 1.1 创建项目
- 1.2 清除多余文件,创建干净项目
- 1.3 创建登录页面
- 2.创建404页面(引入sass)
- 2.1 引入sass
- 2.2 创建404页面
- 3.构建登录注册页面(引入element-plus)
- 3.1 实现布局左右切换动画
- 3.2 引入element-plus
- 3.3 使用element-plus表单组件
- 3.4 表单验证
- 4.类型匹配和代码抽离
- 4.1 代码抽离
- 4.2 类型匹配
- 4.2.1 ts文件类型匹配
- 4.2.2 vue文件中的ts类型匹配
- 5.抽离登录组件
- 6. 实现注册表单
- 6.1 创建注册表单ts——存放注册表单及其验证规则
- 6.2 创建注册表单组件
- 6.3 在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用
- 7. 封装axios
- 7.1 下载axios
- 7.2 封装axios
- 7.3 解决跨域问题(配置vue.config.js,设置代理)
- 7.4 使用axios发起请求
- 7.4.1 创建api文件夹,规范使用api(推荐)
- 7.4.2 全局注册axios(不推荐,也没必要)
- 8.总结
前言
本教程通过搭建一个简单项目,帮助读者快速入门Vue3项目实战,掌握Vue3、TS、Element Plus、axios等技术栈。
1.搭建脚手架
vue -V
查看vue版本,需要在4.5.1版本之后,即可进行以下操作。
1.1 创建项目
(1)使用命令 vue create vue3-elementplus-demo
创建Vue项目。
(2)进入选项配置,选择 Manually select features
,进行手动配置
(3)配置项如下
都选择完毕后,回车,项目即可创建完毕,使用VsCode或者按照提示进入和启动项目
1.2 清除多余文件,创建干净项目
(1)删除以下文件
(2)在views目录下创建Index.vue文件(后面处于方便,又将Index.vue修改成了Home.vue),内容如下:
<template><div>首页</div></template><script>export default {name: 'Index'}</script><style scoped></style>
(3)修改router/index.ts路由文件:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'import Home from '../views/Home.vue'const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [{path: '/',name: 'Index',component: () => import('../views/Index.vue')},]const router = createRouter({history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL),routes})export default router
(4)修改App文件:
<template><div id="app"><router-view /></div></template><style>html,body,#app {width: 100%;height: 100%;}</style>
修改完毕后,查看效果
(5)新建css/resset.css文件(上网搜关键词reset.css就有),并在index.html文件中引入,初始化样式
/** * Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 (http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/) * http://cssreset.com */html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed,figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video{ margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100%; font: inherit; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; } /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */ article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section{ display: block; } ol, ul, li{ list-style: none; } blockquote, q{ quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after{ content: ''; content: none; } table{ border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* custom */ a{ color: #7e8c8d; text-decoration: none; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar{ width: 5px; height: 5px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{ background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical{ height: 5px; background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal{ width: 5px; background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } html, body{ width: 100%; font-family: "Arial", "Microsoft YaHei", "黑体", "宋体", "微软雅黑", sans-serif; } body{ line-height: 1; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); } html{ overflow-y: scroll; } /*清除浮动*/ .clearfix:before, .clearfix:after{ content: " "; display: inline-block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .clearfix{ *zoom: 1; } /*隐藏*/ .dn{ display: none; }
1.3 创建登录页面
创建LoginRegister.vue文件:
<template><div class="container"><!-- form表单容器 --><div class="form-container"><div class="signin-signup"><!-- 登录 --><h1>登录</h1><!-- 注册 --><h1>注册</h1></div></div></div></template><script>export default {name: 'LoginRegister'}</script><style scoped>.container {position: relative;width: 100%;min-height: 100vh;background-color: #fff;overflow: hidden;}.form-container {position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;width: 100%;height: 100%;}.signin-signup {position: relative;top: 50%;left: 75%;transform: translate(-50%, -50%);width: 44%;transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out;display: grid;grid-template-columns: 1fr;z-index: 5;}</style>
在路由中引入
查看效果:
2.创建404页面(引入sass)
2.1 引入sass
(1)查看当前node版本
(2)引入对应版本的node-sass和sass-load
当前已知 node-sass 与 node 版本对应如下:https://github.com/sass/node-sass
node-sass 和 sass-loader 的常见版本对应关系如下:
node-sass | sass-loader |
---|---|
4.3.0 | 4.1.1 |
4.7.2 | $7.0.3/7.3.1 |
6.0.1 | 10.0.1 |
(3)如果引入出现了问题,基本上就是node版本和sass版本不一致导致。此时需要创建一个新项目,将新项目中的package.json和package-lock.json复制到当前项目中,然后重新 npm i
即可。
2.2 创建404页面
(1)assets下创建img文件夹,加入404.gif
(2)创建404.vue
<template><div class="not-found"><img src="../assets/img/404.gif" alt="" /></div></template><script>export default {name: '404'}</script><style lang="scss" scoped>.not-found {width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;img {width: 100%;height: 100%;}}</style>
(3)router/index.ts中通过正则表达式匹配匹配失败的路由为404页面
3.构建登录注册页面(引入element-plus)
3.1 实现布局左右切换动画
因为本篇文章主要讲解的是Vue3和element-plus的用法,css部分就省略说明,有兴趣的同学可以自行研究。
<template><div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }"><!-- form表单容器 --><div class="form-container"><div class="signin-signup"><!-- 登录 --><h1>登录</h1><!-- 注册 --><h1>注册</h1></div></div><!-- 左右切换动画 --><div class="panels-container"><div class="panel left-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3><p>Gentlely down the stream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">注册</button></div><!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --></div><div class="panel right-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3><p>Life is but a dream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">登录</button></div><!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --></div></div></div></template><script>import { ref } from 'vue'export default {name: 'LoginRegister',components: {},// Vue3语法糖// Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法// Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起setup() {// 登录/注册模式const signUpMode = ref(false)return { signUpMode }}}</script><style scoped>.container {position: relative;width: 100%;min-height: 100vh;background-color: #fff;overflow: hidden;}.form-container {position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;width: 100%;height: 100%;}.signin-signup {position: relative;top: 50%;left: 75%;transform: translate(-50%, -50%);width: 44%;transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out;display: grid;grid-template-columns: 1fr;z-index: 5;}/* 左右切换动画 */.social-text {padding: 0.7rem 0;font-size: 1rem;}.social-media {display: flex;justify-content: center;}.social-icon {height: 46px;width: 46px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 0 0.45rem;color: #333;border-radius: 50%;border: 1px solid #333;text-decoration: none;font-size: 1.1rem;transition: 0.3s;}.social-icon:hover {color: #4481eb;border-color: #4481eb;}.btn {width: 150px;background-color: #5995fd;border: none;outline: none;height: 49px;border-radius: 49px;color: #fff;text-transform: uppercase;font-weight: 600;margin: 10px 0;cursor: pointer;transition: 0.5s;}.btn:hover {background-color: #4d84e2;}.panels-container {position: absolute;height: 100%;width: 100%;top: 0;left: 0;display: grid;grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}.container:before {content: '';position: absolute;height: 2000px;width: 2000px;top: -10%;right: 48%;transform: translateY(-50%);background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #4481eb 0%, #04befe 100%);transition: 1.8s ease-in-out;border-radius: 50%;z-index: 6;}.image {width: 100%;transition: transform 1.1s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.4s;}.panel {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: flex-end;justify-content: space-around;text-align: center;z-index: 6;}.left-panel {pointer-events: all;padding: 3rem 17% 2rem 12%;}.right-panel {pointer-events: none;padding: 3rem 12% 2rem 17%;}.panel .content {color: #fff;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.6s;}.panel h3 {font-weight: 600;line-height: 1;font-size: 1.5rem;}.panel p {font-size: 0.95rem;padding: 0.7rem 0;}.btn.transparent {margin: 0;background: none;border: 2px solid #fff;width: 130px;height: 41px;font-weight: 600;font-size: 0.8rem;}.right-panel .image,.right-panel .content {transform: translateX(800px);}/* ANIMATION */.container.sign-up-mode:before {transform: translate(100%, -50%);right: 52%;}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {transform: translateX(-800px);}.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {left: 25%;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-up-form {opacity: 1;z-index: 2;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-in-form {opacity: 0;z-index: 1;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {transform: translateX(0%);}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel {pointer-events: none;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel {pointer-events: all;}@media (max-width: 870px) {.container {min-height: 800px;height: 100vh;}.signin-signup {width: 100%;top: 95%;transform: translate(-50%, -100%);transition: 1s 0.8s ease-in-out;}.signin-signup,.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {left: 50%;}.panels-container {grid-template-columns: 1fr;grid-template-rows: 1fr 2fr 1fr;}.panel {flex-direction: row;justify-content: space-around;align-items: center;padding: 2.5rem 8%;grid-column: 1 / 2;}.right-panel {grid-row: 3 / 4;}.left-panel {grid-row: 1 / 2;}.image {width: 200px;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.6s;}.panel .content {padding-right: 15%;transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out;transition-delay: 0.8s;}.panel h3 {font-size: 1.2rem;}.panel p {font-size: 0.7rem;padding: 0.5rem 0;}.btn.transparent {width: 110px;height: 35px;font-size: 0.7rem;}.container:before {width: 1500px;height: 1500px;transform: translateX(-50%);left: 30%;bottom: 68%;right: initial;top: initial;transition: 2s ease-in-out;}.container.sign-up-mode:before {transform: translate(-50%, 100%);bottom: 32%;right: initial;}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content {transform: translateY(-300px);}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content {transform: translateY(0px);}.right-panel .image,.right-panel .content {transform: translateY(300px);}.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup {top: 5%;transform: translate(-50%, 0);}}@media (max-width: 570px) {form {padding: 0 1.5rem;}.image {display: none;}.panel .content {padding: 0.5rem 1rem;}.container {padding: 1.5rem;}.container:before {bottom: 72%;left: 50%;}.container.sign-up-mode:before {bottom: 28%;left: 50%;}}/* 控制login & register显示 */form {padding: 0rem 5rem;transition: all 0.2s 0.7s;overflow: hidden;}form.sign-in-form {z-index: 2;}form.sign-up-form {opacity: 0;z-index: 1;}/* register */.loginForm,.registerForm {margin-top: 20px;background-color: #fff;padding: 20px 40px 20px 20px;border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn {width: 100%;}.tiparea {text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: #333;width: 100%;}.tiparea a {color: #409eff;}</style>
3.2 引入element-plus
(1)下载element-plus包:
npm i element-plus
(2)在main.ts中引入
3.3 使用element-plus表单组件
(1)setup中加入登录表单loginUser
setup() {// 登录/注册模式const signUpMode = ref(false)// 登录表单const loginUser = reactive({email: '',password: ''})return { signUpMode, loginUser }}
(2)使用表单组件
<!-- 登录 --><el-form:model="loginUser"label-width="100px"class="login-form sign-in-form"><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="loginUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button type="primary" class="submit-btn">提交</el-button></el-form-item><!-- 找回密码 --><el-form-item><p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p></el-form-item></el-form>
3.4 表单验证
(1)表单验证
关键代码:
// 校验规则const rules = reactive({email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }]})
(2)点击提交触发表单验证
关键代码:
<template><div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }"><!-- form表单容器 --><div class="form-container"><div class="signin-signup"><!-- 登录 --><el-form:model="loginUser":rules="rules"ref="loginForm"label-width="100px"class="login-form sign-in-form"><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="loginUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button@click="handleLogin('loginForm')"type="primary"class="submit-btn">提交</el-button></el-form-item><!-- 找回密码 --><el-form-item><p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p></el-form-item></el-form><!-- 注册 --><!-- <h1>注册</h1> --></div></div><!-- 左右切换动画 --><div class="panels-container"><div class="panel left-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3><p>Gentlely down the stream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">注册</button></div><!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --></div><div class="panel right-panel"><div class="content"><h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3><p>Life is but a dream</p><button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent">登录</button></div><!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --></div></div></div></template><script>import { ref, reactive, getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default {name: 'LoginRegister',components: {},// Vue3语法糖// Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法// Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起setup() {// 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctxconst { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()// 登录/注册模式const signUpMode = ref(false)// 登录表单const loginUser = reactive({email: '',password: ''})// 校验规则const rules = reactive({email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }]})// 触发登录方法const handleLogin = (formName) => {console.log(ctx)ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {if (valid) {console.log('submit!')} else {console.log('error submit!')return false}})}return { signUpMode, loginUser, rules, handleLogin }}}</script>
点击提交,完成验证:
4.类型匹配和代码抽离
4.1 代码抽离
创建utils文件夹和loginValidators.ts
文件,将LoginRegister.vue
中的loginUser和rules剪切抽离到该文件中,LoginRegister.vue再通过import导入。测试正常运行。
loginValidators.ts
:
import { ref, reactive} from 'vue'// 登录表单export const loginUser = reactive({email: '',password: ''})// 校验规则export const rules = reactive({email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }]})
4.2 类型匹配
4.2.1 ts文件类型匹配
将鼠标悬浮在 loginUser 的 reactive 上,可以看到对应的类型提示,写入interface User 并复制提示。rules重复操作。
import { ref, reactive} from 'vue'interface User{email: string;password: string;}// 登录表单export const loginUser = reactive<User>({email: '',password: ''})interface Rules{email: {required: boolean;type: string;message: string;trigger: string;}[];password: ({required: boolean;message: string;trigger: string;min" />: undefined;max?: undefined;} | {min: number;max: number;message: string;trigger: string;required?: undefined;})[];}// 校验规则export const rules = reactive<Rules>({email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }]})
此时如果将字段修改为不符合规范的类型,则会有报错提示
这对于初次使用ts的同学可能不太适应,认为完全没有必要。但是这其实对于大型项目的维护来说,相对比js友好许多。
4.2.2 vue文件中的ts类型匹配
(1)在script标签中加入lang=”ts”标识,发现参数都没有类型匹配。
(2)类型匹配
1、对于any类型的变量——ctx,使用// @ts-ignore
进行类型忽略
2、对于其他类型的变量,在变量后加入:类型
即可,比如formName:string
和valid:boolean
5.抽离登录组件
(1)创建组件LoginForm.vue
,将LoginRegister.vue
中的表单内容(包括组件、数据、方法和样式,顺便对样式做了点优化)复制到该文件中。
LoginForm
:
<template><!-- 登录 --><el-form:model="loginUser":rules="rules"ref="loginForm"label-width="100px"class="login-form sign-in-form"><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="loginUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button@click="handleLogin('loginForm')"type="primary"class="submit-btn">提交</el-button></el-form-item><!-- 找回密码 --><el-form-item><p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p></el-form-item></el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default {name: 'LoginForm',props: {loginUser: {type: Object,required: true},rules: {type: Object,required: true}},setup() {// 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx// @ts-ignoreconst { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()// 触发登录方法const handleLogin = (formName: string) => {console.log(ctx)ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => {if (valid) {console.log('submit!')} else {console.log('error submit!')return false}})}return { handleLogin }}}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form {background-color: #fff;padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn {width: 100%;}.tiparea {text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: #333;width: 100%;}.tiparea a {color: #409eff;}</style>
6. 实现注册表单
其实完全可以仿照登录组件的写法,先在LoginRegister.vue中写出form组件,填充form数据,实现表单验证,最后再抽离出来。但是如果已经熟练的话,建议可以直接分为3个部分写完(ts——对应的数据和验证规则,component——组件,vue——引入到父组件中)
6.1 创建注册表单ts——存放注册表单及其验证规则
创建registerValidator.ts
文件,用于存放注册表单及其验证规则。
可以先复制之前的loginValidator.ts
文件的内容,然后进行修改(注意确认密码password2的验证规则写法)。
registerValidator.ts
:
import { reactive} from 'vue'interface RegisterUser{name:string;email: string;password: string;password2: string;role:string}// 登录表单export const registerUser = reactive<RegisterUser>({name:'',email: '',password: '',password2: '',role:''})interface RegisterRules{name: {required: boolean;message: string;trigger: string;}[];email: {required: boolean;type: string;message: string;trigger: string;}[];password: ({required: boolean;message: string;trigger: string;} | {min: number;max: number;message: string;trigger: string;})[];password2: ({required: boolean;message: string;trigger: string;} | {min: number;max: number;message: string;trigger: string;} | {validator:(rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any)=>any;trigger:string})[];role: {required: boolean;message: string;trigger: string;}[];}const validatePass2 = (rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any) => {if (value === '') {callback(new Error('请再次输入密码'))} else if (value !== registerUser.password) {callback(new Error("两次输入的密码不一致!"))} else {callback()}}// 校验规则export const registerRules = reactive<RegisterRules>({name: [{required: true,message: '用户名不得为空',trigger: 'blur'}],email: [{required: true,type: 'email',message: 'email格式错误',trigger: 'blur'}],password: [{ required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }],password2: [{ required: true, message: '确认密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' },{ validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' }],role: [{required: true,message: '角色不得为空',trigger: 'blur'}],})
完成后将 registerUser 和 registerRules 引入到LoginRegister.vue
中备用。
6.2 创建注册表单组件
创建注册表单组件RegisterForm.vue
,模仿或者直接复制LoginForm.vue
组件,稍作修改(包括样式、数据和方法)
<template><!-- 登录 --><el-form:model="registerUser":rules="registerRules"ref="registerForm"label-width="100px"class="register-form sign-up-form"><el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name"><el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="registerUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2"><el-inputv-model="registerUser.password2"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password again..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item label="角色" prop="role"><el-select v-model="registerUser.role"><el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option><el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option><el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option></el-select></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button@click="handleRegister('registerForm')"type="primary"class="submit-btn">提交</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default {name: 'registerForm',props: {registerUser: {type: Object,required: true},registerRules: {type: Object,required: true}},setup() {// 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx// @ts-ignoreconst { ctx } = getCurrentInstance()// 触发登录方法const handleRegister = (formName: string) => {console.log(ctx)ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => {if (valid) {console.log('submit!')} else {console.log('error submit!')return false}})}return { handleRegister }}}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form {background-color: #fff;padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn {width: 100%;}.tiparea {text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: #333;width: 100%;}.tiparea a {color: #409eff;}</style>
6.3 在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用
最后在LoginRegister.vue
中引入使用即可
7. 封装axios
7.1 下载axios
(1)使用命令npm i axios
下载axios
7.2 封装axios
创建utils/http.ts
文件,用于封装axios请求(为了避免混乱,所以取名http.ts,不过叫做axios也无不可)。
http.ts
:
import axios,{AxiosRequestConfig,AxiosResponse} from 'axios'import { ElLoading } from 'element-plus'import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'let loading:any;const startLoading = () =>{interface Options{lock: boolean;text: string;background: string;}const options:Options = {lock: true,text: 'Loading',background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)'}loading = ElLoading.service(options)}const endLoading = ()=>{loading.close()}// 请求拦截axios.interceptors.request.use((config:AxiosRequestConfig<any>)=>{// 开始LoadingstartLoading()return config})// 响应拦截axios.interceptors.response.use((res:AxiosResponse<any, any>)=>{// 结束LoadingendLoading()// console.log('成功响应拦截',res)// 如果请求成功直接返回响应数据if(res.status === 200){return res.data}},error=>{// 结束LoadingendLoading()// console.log('失败响应拦截',error)const { response: res } = errorconst msg = typeof res.data === 'string' " />.data: res.data.error || '请求失败,请稍后重试'ElMessage.error(msg)// 错误提醒return Promise.reject(error)})export default axios
7.3 解决跨域问题(配置vue.config.js,设置代理)
创建vue.config.js文件,配置如下:
module.exports = {devServer: {open: true,host: 'localhost',port: 8080,https: false,hotOnly: false,// 设置跨域proxy: {'/api': {target: 'http://imissu.herokuapp.com',ws: true,changeOrigin: true,pathRewrite: {'^api': ''}}},before: (app) => {}}}
7.4 使用axios发起请求
API地址:http://imissu.herokuapp.com/
7.4.1 创建api文件夹,规范使用api(推荐)
(1)创建api/loginRegister.ts,引入axios,规范export注册接口
import axios from '@/utils/http'// 注册接口export function register(params: any) {return axios({url: '/api/v1/auth/register',method: 'post',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'},data: params})}
(2)在注册组件中使用
<template><!-- 登录 --><el-form:model="registerUser":rules="registerRules"ref="registerForm"label-width="100px"class="register-form sign-up-form"><el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name"><el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"><el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-inputv-model="registerUser.password"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2"><el-inputv-model="registerUser.password2"type="password"placeholder="Enter Password again..."/></el-form-item><el-form-item label="角色" prop="role"><el-select v-model="registerUser.role"><el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option><el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option><el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option></el-select></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button@click="handleRegister('registerForm')"type="primary"class="submit-btn">提交</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'import { register } from '@/api/loginRegister'// import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'export default {name: 'registerForm',props: {registerUser: {type: Object,required: true},registerRules: {type: Object,required: true}},setup(props: any) {// 通过解构getCurrentInstance,获取this,这里的this就是ctx// @ts-ignoreconst { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance()const router = useRouter()// 触发登录方法const handleRegister = (formName: string) => {console.log(ctx)ctx.$refs[formName].validate(async (valid: boolean) => {if (valid) {// const res = await proxy.$http({// url: '/api/v1/auth/register',// method: 'post',// headers: {// 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'// },// data: props.registerUser// })const res = await register(props.registerUser)proxy.$message.success(res.data)router.push('/')} else {return false}})}return { handleRegister }}}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form {background-color: #fff;padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px;border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn {width: 100%;}.tiparea {text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: #333;width: 100%;}.tiparea a {color: #409eff;}</style>
登录功能模仿注册功能即可。
7.4.2 全局注册axios(不推荐,也没必要)
(1)在main.ts中全局挂载axios
import axios from '@/utils/http'app.config.globalProperties.$http = axios
(2)在注册组件中使用,关键代码:
// @ts-ignoreconst { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance()const res = await proxy.$http({url: '/api/v1/auth/register',method: 'post',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'},data: props.registerUser})
(3)不推荐的原因是,随着版本的更替,貌似axios全局挂载的位置也发生了变化,之前是在ctx,之后的版本又换成了proxy;另外一个原因是,这种方式不便于一个接口多处使用,复用性较差。
8.总结
Vue3 和 Vue2 的几个明显的区别:
(1)Vue2使用的选项式API,Vue3使用的是组合式API。前者随着项目页面体积的增大,对于代码的管理会给使用者带来更大的心智负担;后者组合式的写法,将data和methods等组合在一起,更容易理解和使用。不过对于初学者而言,可能会有些不太适应。
(2)Vue2使用的js构建的源码和使用方式,Vue3使用ts构建的源码,使用方式也支持ts,对于大型项目而言,更加友好,不过对于小型项目而言,往往使用者无法一下子看出ts对于强类型支持带来的好处,相反会觉得麻烦和没有必要。
(3)由于该项目是为了简要说明Vue3和Vue2在页面中的区别,方便急于使用Vue3的同学构建项目和页面,所以没有将Vue3更多的特性展示出来。在下一篇文章中,将会通过一个更加完整的项目,对Vue3的更多其他特性以及和Vue2的区别进行深入的解析和说明,敬请期待。