1、什么是动态路由?
2、动态路由的好处
3、动态路由如何实现
1、什么是动态路由?
动态路由,动态即不是写死的,是可变的。我们可以根据自己不同的需求加载不同的路由,做到不同的实现及页面的渲染。动态的路由存储可分为两种,一种是将路由存储到前端。另一种则是将路由存储到数据库。动态路由的使用一般结合角色权限控制一起使用。
总结:
1)路由可变,不是写死的,动态加载 2)存储分两种:存前端,存数据库
2、动态路由的好处
使用动态路由可以跟灵活,无需手工维护,我们可以使用一个页面对路由进行维护。如果将路由存储到数据库,还可以增加安全性。
总结:
1)灵活,无需手工维护 2)增加安全性
3、动态路由如何实现
在此以路由存储在数据库为例
流程:一般我们在登录的时候,根据登录用户的角色返回此角色可以访问的页面的路由,前端将路由存储到vuex(vuex存储的数据必须可持久的,不要一刷新页面就不见),我们在路由前置守卫处动态添加拿到的路由,对页面进行渲染。
1)此为我的router目录,index.js对路由添加,守卫拦截等处理。static-route.js为前端定义的静态路由,不需要动态加载的,如登陆页面,忘记密码页面,404页面等。
index.js
import Vue from 'vue'import $cookies from 'vue-cookies'import VueRouter from 'vue-router'import store from '../store'import staticRoute from './static-route.js'Vue.use(VueRouter)const router = new VueRouter({mode: 'history',base: process.env.BASE_URL,routes: staticRoute //staticRoute为静态路由,不需动态添加})let isToken = truerouter.beforeEach(async (to, from, next) => {//定义isToken为true和vuex不为空时添加路由if (isToken && store.state.routers.routers.length != 0) {//从vuex中获取动态路由const accessRouteses = await store.state.routers.routers;//动态路由循环解析和添加accessRouteses.forEach(v => {v.children = routerChildren(v.children);v.component = routerCom(v.component);router.addRoute(v); //添加})isToken = false //将isToken赋为 false ,否则会一直循环,崩溃next({...to, // next({ ...to })的目的,是保证路由添加完了再进入页面 (可以理解为重进一次)replace: true, // 重进一次, 不保留重复历史})} else {if (to.name == null) {next("/404")} else {if (to.meta.title) { //判断是否有标题document.title = to.meta.title //给相应页面添加标题}next()}}})function routerCom(path) { //对路由的component解析return (resolve) => require([`@/views/${path}`], resolve);}function routerChildren(children) { //对子路由的component解析children.forEach(v => {v.component = routerCom(v.component);if (v.children != undefined) {v.children = routerChildren(v.children)}})return children}export default router
2)登陆成功后将获取到的动态路由存储到vuex
vuex—>index.js
import Vue from 'vue'import Vuex from 'vuex'//数据持久化import createPersistedState from "vuex-persistedstate";Vue.use(Vuex)const routers = { namespaced: true, state: () => ({ routers:"", }), mutations: { routers(state, newsdata) { state.routers = newsdata }, }, actions: { routers(context) { context.commit('routers') }, }, getters: { routers(state) { console.log("getters", state) return state.routers }, }}const store = new Vuex.Store({ modules: { routers: routers, }, // 数据持久化 plugins: [createPersistedState({ //key是存储数据的键名 key: 'routersData', //paths是存储state中的那些数据,如果是模块下具体的数据需要加上模块名称,如user.token paths: ["routers.routers"] })]})export default store
我的动态路由模板
//动态路由const dynamicRoute = [{ "path": "/main", "name": "main", "redirect": "/main/index", "component": "main/main.vue", "children": [{ "path": "index", "name": "index", "component": "index/index.vue", "meta": { "name": "index", "title": "首页", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true //true为菜单栏 } }, { "path": "Configuration", "name": "Configuration", "redirect": "Configuration/route", "component": "Configuration/index.vue", "roles": ['developer', "admin"], // developer、admin角色的用户才能访问该页面 "meta": { "title": "配置", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, "children": [{ "path": "route", "name": "route", "component": "Configuration/route/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "菜单", "icon": "", "menu":true }, }, { "path": "user", "name": "user", "component": "Configuration/user/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "用户管理", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, }, { "path": "admin", "name": "admin", "component": "Configuration/admin/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "管理员管理", "icon": "", "menu":true }, }, { "path": "userEdit", "name": "userEdit", "component": "Configuration/user/user-Edit.vue", "meta": { "title": "编辑用户", "icon": "", "menu":false }, }, ] }, { "path": "check", "name": "check", "redirect": "check/user", "component": "check/index.vue", "roles": ['developer', "admin", "check"], // developer、admin角色的用户才能访问该页面 "meta": { "title": "审核", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, "children": [{ "path": "user", "name": "checkUser", "component": "check/check-user/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "用户实名审核", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true } }, { "path": "enterprise", "name": "checkEnterprise", "component": "check/check-enterprise/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "企业认证审核", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, }, { "path": "checkNormImage", "name": "checkNormImage", "component": "check/check-norm-image/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "标准照认证审核", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, }, { "path": "checkHiringJobs", "name": "checkHiringJobs", "component": "check/check-hiring-Jobs/index.vue", "meta": { "title": "求职、招聘认证审核", "icon": "el-icon-location", "menu":true }, } ] } ]}, ]export default dynamicRoute
路由管理界面(可能有不完善的地方)
讲一讲遇到的坑及注意点
“component”: “check/check-norm-image/index.vue”, 用字符串再在解析,不要像静态路由一样。否则第一次进去可以,刷新就变空白
此处为重要的一点,直接用next()不行
next({ ...to, // next({ ...to })的目的,是保证路由添加完了再进入页面 (可以理解为重进一次) replace: true, // 重进一次, 不保留重复历史 })
3)由于添加完路由还会重复执行一遍路由守卫,所有必须确保不要一直死循环添加路由。否则直接崩溃。这里我用的是isToken变量确保不循环。
分享:
走进了一间屋子,如果你是最牛的人,那么你就走错了地方。我的理解:你将没有进步的空间,止步于此。