SpringBoot项目下@Async注解的使用
- 简介
- 应用场景
- 使用方式
- SpringBoot启用@Async注解
- 1. 启动类添加@EnableAsync注解
- 2. 添加线程池
- 3. 创建接口调用的2个任务
- 4. 创建Controller接口调用
- 5. 测试结果
简介
应用场景
一个接口需要执行多个任务时,如task1、task2、task3三个任务,先执行完task1需要耗时1秒,再执行task2需要耗时2秒,最后执行task3需要耗时3秒,那么正常情况下这个接口总共需耗时6秒;
这个总耗时就有些长了很影响系统体验,此时就可以使用@Async进行一个异步调用,此时主线程就不需要等待task1执行完之后,再去调用task2,task3同理;主线程会同时去调用task1、task2、task3任务,3个任务会同时执行,那么此时该接口的总耗时就是耗时最长的task3任务的3秒;
使用方式
SpringBoot启用@Async注解
1. 启动类添加@EnableAsync注解
2. 添加线程池
package com.gh.openInterface.config;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;@Configuration@Slf4jpublic class ThreadPoolConfig {@Value("${asyncThreadPool.corePoolSize}")private int corePoolSize;@Value("${asyncThreadPool.maxPoolSize}")private int maxPoolSize;@Value("${asyncThreadPool.queueCapacity}")private int queueCapacity;@Value("${asyncThreadPool.keepAliveSeconds}")private int keepAliveSeconds;@Value("${asyncThreadPool.awaitTerminationSeconds}")private int awaitTerminationSeconds;@Value("${asyncThreadPool.threadNamePrefix}")private String threadNamePrefix;@Bean(name = "threadPoolTaskExecutor")public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor() {log.info("---------- 线程池开始加载 ----------");ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();// 核心线程池大小threadPoolTaskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);// 最大线程数threadPoolTaskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);// 队列容量threadPoolTaskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(keepAliveSeconds);// 活跃时间threadPoolTaskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(queueCapacity);// 主线程等待子线程执行时间threadPoolTaskExecutor.setAwaitTerminationSeconds(awaitTerminationSeconds);// 线程名字前缀threadPoolTaskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix);// RejectedExecutionHandler:当pool已经达到max-size的时候,如何处理新任务// CallerRunsPolicy:不在新线程中执行任务,而是由调用者所在的线程来执行threadPoolTaskExecutor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());// 初始化threadPoolTaskExecutor.initialize();log.info("---------- 线程池加载完成 ----------");threadPoolTaskExecutor.initialize();return threadPoolTaskExecutor;}}
application.properties里的线程池配置
asyncThreadPool:corePoolSize: 10maxPoolSize: 10queueCapacity: 10keepAliveSeconds: 6awaitTerminationSeconds: 10threadNamePrefix: bc_thread
3. 创建接口调用的2个任务
注意点:
1、使@Async标注的方法必须是public的
2、需要同时执行的几个任务,也就是标注了@Async几个方法,不能在同一个类里
任务1:
任务1执行耗时2秒,返回值为7;(此处用线程睡眠模拟业务逻辑耗时)
方法上加@Async注解,@Async注解后加的threadPoolTaskExecutor值,是自定义线程池的名称;
方法存在返回值,所以需要用到Future,返回值具体类型是Integer还是String等可以自己定义;
获取方法返回值的方式下面会将,此处先创建执行任务;
package com.gh.openInterface.modular.project.service;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.concurrent.Future;/** * @author : gaohan * @date : 2022/7/14 23:41 */@Servicepublic class TestService1 {@Async("threadPoolTaskExecutor")public Future<Integer> method1() throws InterruptedException {Thread.sleep(2000);return new AsyncResult<>(7);}}
任务2:
任务2执行耗时4秒,返回值为4;实现方式同任务1;
package com.gh.openInterface.modular.project.service;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.concurrent.Future;/** * @author : gaohan * @date : 2022/7/14 23:41 */@Servicepublic class TestService2 {@Async("threadPoolTaskExecutor")public Future method2() throws InterruptedException {Thread.sleep(4000);return new AsyncResult(4);}}
4. 创建Controller接口调用
使用如下方法获取任务的返回值
Future<Integer> method1 = service1.method1();method1.get()
如果方法不需要返回值,则在service里直接给方法设置void返回类型即可,无需添加Future;
下方代码中使用while循环来实现等待所有任务执行完毕,获取到所有任务的返回值;
package com.gh.openInterface.modular.project.controller;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.gh.openInterface.modular.project.service.TestService1;import com.gh.openInterface.modular.project.service.TestService2;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.UUID;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.Future;@Slf4j@RestController@RequestMapping(value = "/api")public class TestController {@Autowiredprivate TestService1 service1;@Autowiredprivate TestService2 service2;@RequestMapping(value = "/sync")public String sync() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();Future<Integer> method1 = service1.method1();Future<Integer> method2 = service2.method2();// 标记是否执行成功boolean run = Boolean.FALSE;while (true) {// 任务是否执行完成if (method1.isDone() && method2.isDone()) {run = Boolean.TRUE;break;} else if (method1.isCancelled() || method2.isCancelled()) {// 任务是否在正常完成之前被取消break;}}Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();if (run) {log.info("运行成功,耗时:{},结果为:{}", (end - start), (method1.get() + method2.get()));}return "ok";}}
5. 测试结果
共耗时4s;