本文参加新星计划人工智能(Pytorch)赛道：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/613989052

从零开始网格上的深度学习-2:卷积网络CNN篇

• 引言
• 一、概述
• • 1.1 卷积操作简述
  • 1.2 网格上的面卷积
• 二、核心代码
• • 2.1 面卷积
  • 2.2 网络框架
• 三、基于CNN的网格分类
• • 3.1 分类结果
  • 3.2 全部代码

引言

本文主要内容如下：

• 介绍网格上基于面元素的卷积操作
• 参考最新的CNN网络模块-ConvNeXt¹:A ConvNet for the 2020s，构造网格分类网络

一、概述

1.1 卷积操作简述

卷积网络的核心：卷积操作就是数据元素特征与周围元素特征加权求和的一个计算过程。由卷积层实现，包括步长、卷积核大小等参数。

详情可百度或参考²:python 关于CNN的一些思考-2022

1.2 网格上的面卷积

无论水密or非水密的网格，其上的面并不是规则排列的。但对于三角形网格来说，每个面周围存在三个面，借助以上特性可对每个面构造1 $\times$ 4的卷积区域，然后借助Pytorch即可轻松将CNN应用到网格的面上，称其为面卷积。

二、核心代码

2.1 面卷积

主要参考MeshCNN³:A Network with an Edge中边卷积的代码即可，自己造的轮子没人家的好用…

• 让网格面及其邻面形成$|F|\times$ 4的矩阵结构，$|F|$是面的个数。类似2D图像的长$\times$宽
• 调用Pytorch中的Conv2d 或 Conv1d即可

class FaceConv(nn.Module):    """        Face convolution with convolution region (参考 MeshCNN)    """    def __init__(self, dim_in, dim_out, k, groups=1, bias=True):        super(FaceConv, self).__init__()        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, kernel_size=(1, k), groups=groups, bias=bias)        self.k = k    def __call__(self, edge_f, mesh):        return self.forward(edge_f, mesh)    def forward(self, x, mesh):        if self.k == 1:            # x = x.squeeze(-1)            x = self.conv(x)        else:            x = x.squeeze(-1)            G = torch.cat([self.pad_gemm(i, x.shape[2], x.device) for i in mesh], 0)  # batchsize            G = self.create_GeMM(x, G)            x = self.conv(G)        return x    def flatten_gemm_inds(self, Gi):        (b, ne, nn) = Gi.shape        ne += 1        batch_n = torch.floor(torch.arange(b * ne, device=Gi.device).float() / ne).view(b, ne)        add_fac = batch_n * ne        add_fac = add_fac.view(b, ne, 1)        add_fac = add_fac.repeat(1, 1, nn)        Gi = Gi.float() + add_fac[:, 1:, :]        return Gi    def create_GeMM(self, x, Gi):        Gishape = Gi.shape        padding = torch.zeros((x.shape[0], x.shape[1], 1), requires_grad=True, device=x.device)        x = torch.cat((padding, x), dim=2)        Gi = Gi + 1        Gi_flat = self.flatten_gemm_inds(Gi)        Gi_flat = Gi_flat.view(-1).long()        odim = x.shape        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = x.view(odim[0] * odim[2], odim[1])        f = torch.index_select(x, dim=0, index=Gi_flat)        f = f.view(Gishape[0], Gishape[1], Gishape[2], -1)        f = f.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()   # 不加contiguous有时候会报错 - 中断训练        return f    def pad_gemm(self, m, xsz, device):        padded_gemm = torch.tensor(m.mesh_nb[:, 0:self.k - 1], device=device).float().requires_grad_()        padded_gemm = torch.cat((torch.arange(len(m.faces), device=device).float().unsqueeze(1), padded_gemm), dim=1)        padded_gemm = F.pad(padded_gemm, (0, 0, 0, xsz - len(m.faces)), "constant", 0)        padded_gemm = padded_gemm.unsqueeze(0)        return padded_gemm

2.2 网络框架

网络框架主要参考ConvNeXt¹:A ConvNet for the 2020s

• 主要借用了其中的ConvNeXt Block，通道可分离卷积 – LN – conv1x1up – GELU – conv1x1dn
• 由于本文使用数据集较小，主要由几个Block串联组成分类网络

class TriCNN(nn.Module):    def __init__(self, dim_in, dims, classes_n=30):        super(TriCNN, self).__init__()        self.dims = dims[0:]        self.first_conv = FaceConv(dim_in, dims[0], k=4, groups=1, bias=True)        self.first_ln = nn.LayerNorm(dims[0], eps=1e-6)        self.conv1x1up = nn.Conv1d(dims[0], dims[0] * 2, 1)        self.act = nn.GELU()        self.conv1x1dn = nn.Conv1d(dims[0] * 2, dims[0], 1)        for i, dim in enumerate(self.dims[:]):            setattr(self, 'Block{}'.format(i), Block(dim, k=4))        self.last_ln = nn.LayerNorm(dims[-1], eps=1e-6)        # cls        self.gp = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool1d(1)        self.dp1 = nn.Dropout(0.5)        self.fc = nn.Linear(self.dims[-1], classes_n)    def forward(self, x, mesh):        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        # 1.first Block        x = self.first_conv(x, mesh)        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.first_ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.conv1x1up(x)        x = self.act(x)        x = self.conv1x1dn(x)        # 2.Blocks        for i in range(len(self.dims) - 1):            x = getattr(self, 'Block{}'.format(i))(x, mesh)        # 3.final        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.last_ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        # 4.cls        x = self.gp(x)        x = x.view(-1, self.dims[-1])        x = self.dp1(x)        x = self.fc(x)        return xclass Block(nn.Module):    def __init__(self, dim, k=10, bias=True):        super(Block, self).__init__()        self.conv = FaceConv(dim, dim, groups=dim, k=k, bias=bias)        self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(dim,eps=1e-6)        self.conv1x1up = nn.Conv1d(dim, dim * 2, 1)        self.act = nn.GELU()        self.conv1x1dn = nn.Conv1d(dim * 2, dim, 1)        self.w = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1))    def forward(self, x, mesh):        identity = x        x = self.conv(x, mesh)        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.conv1x1up(x)        x = self.act(x)        x = self.conv1x1dn(x)        x = x * self.w        x = x + identity        return x

三、基于CNN的网格分类

数据集是SHREC’11 可参考三角网格(Triangular Mesh)分类数据集 或 MeshCNN

3.1 分类结果

学习率还是有点高，权重波动很大，期间最高准确率是99.67

不得不提一句，其在网格分割上的准确率不如UNet形式的网络，也可能是没加入池化的锅…

3.2 全部代码

DataLoader代码请参考⁴:从零开始网格上的深度学习-1:输入篇(Pytorch)

import torchimport torch.nn as nnimport torch.nn.functional as Ffrom DataLoader_shrec11 import DataLoaderfrom DataLoader_shrec11 import Meshclass TriCNN(nn.Module):    def __init__(self, dim_in, dims, classes_n=30):        super(TriCNN, self).__init__()        self.dims = dims[0:]        self.first_conv = FaceConv(dim_in, dims[0], k=4, groups=1, bias=True)        self.first_ln = nn.LayerNorm(dims[0], eps=1e-6)        self.conv1x1up = nn.Conv1d(dims[0], dims[0] * 2, 1)        self.act = nn.GELU()        self.conv1x1dn = nn.Conv1d(dims[0] * 2, dims[0], 1)        for i, dim in enumerate(self.dims[:]):            setattr(self, 'Block{}'.format(i), Block(dim, k=4))        self.last_ln = nn.LayerNorm(dims[-1], eps=1e-6)        # cls        self.gp = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool1d(1)        self.dp1 = nn.Dropout(0.5)        self.fc = nn.Linear(self.dims[-1], classes_n)    def forward(self, x, mesh):        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        # 1.first Block        x = self.first_conv(x, mesh)        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.first_ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.conv1x1up(x)        x = self.act(x)        x = self.conv1x1dn(x)        # 2.Blocks        for i in range(len(self.dims) - 1):            x = getattr(self, 'Block{}'.format(i))(x, mesh)        # 3.final        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.last_ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        # 4.cls        x = self.gp(x)        x = x.view(-1, self.dims[-1])        x = self.dp1(x)        x = self.fc(x)        return xclass Block(nn.Module):    def __init__(self, dim, k=10, bias=True):        super(Block, self).__init__()        self.conv = FaceConv(dim, dim, groups=dim, k=k, bias=bias)        self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(dim,eps=1e-6)        self.conv1x1up = nn.Conv1d(dim, dim * 2, 1)        self.act = nn.GELU()        self.conv1x1dn = nn.Conv1d(dim * 2, dim, 1)        self.w = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1))    def forward(self, x, mesh):        identity = x        x = self.conv(x, mesh)        x = x.squeeze(-1)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.ln(x)        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = self.conv1x1up(x)        x = self.act(x)        x = self.conv1x1dn(x)        x = x * self.w        x = x + identity        return xclass FaceConv(nn.Module):    """        Face convolution with convolution region (参考 MeshCNN)    """    def __init__(self, dim_in, dim_out, k, groups=1, bias=True):        super(FaceConv, self).__init__()        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, kernel_size=(1, k), groups=groups, bias=bias)        self.k = k    def __call__(self, edge_f, mesh):        return self.forward(edge_f, mesh)    def forward(self, x, mesh):        if self.k == 1:            # x = x.squeeze(-1)            x = self.conv(x)        else:            x = x.squeeze(-1)            G = torch.cat([self.pad_gemm(i, x.shape[2], x.device) for i in mesh], 0)  # batchsize            G = self.create_GeMM(x, G)            x = self.conv(G)        return x    def flatten_gemm_inds(self, Gi):        (b, ne, nn) = Gi.shape        ne += 1        batch_n = torch.floor(torch.arange(b * ne, device=Gi.device).float() / ne).view(b, ne)        add_fac = batch_n * ne        add_fac = add_fac.view(b, ne, 1)        add_fac = add_fac.repeat(1, 1, nn)        Gi = Gi.float() + add_fac[:, 1:, :]        return Gi    def create_GeMM(self, x, Gi):        Gishape = Gi.shape        padding = torch.zeros((x.shape[0], x.shape[1], 1), requires_grad=True, device=x.device)        x = torch.cat((padding, x), dim=2)        Gi = Gi + 1        Gi_flat = self.flatten_gemm_inds(Gi)        Gi_flat = Gi_flat.view(-1).long()        odim = x.shape        x = x.permute(0, 2, 1).contiguous()        x = x.view(odim[0] * odim[2], odim[1])        f = torch.index_select(x, dim=0, index=Gi_flat)        f = f.view(Gishape[0], Gishape[1], Gishape[2], -1)        f = f.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()   # 不加contiguous有时候会报错 - 中断训练        return f    def pad_gemm(self, m, xsz, device):        padded_gemm = torch.tensor(m.mesh_nb[:, 0:self.k - 1], device=device).float().requires_grad_()        padded_gemm = torch.cat((torch.arange(len(m.faces), device=device).float().unsqueeze(1), padded_gemm), dim=1)        padded_gemm = F.pad(padded_gemm, (0, 0, 0, xsz - len(m.faces)), "constant", 0)        padded_gemm = padded_gemm.unsqueeze(0)        return padded_gemmif __name__ == '__main__':    # 输入    data_train = DataLoader(phase='train')         # 训练集    data_test = DataLoader(phase='test')           # 测试集    dataset_size = len(data_train)                 # 数据长度    print('#training meshes = %d' % dataset_size)  # 输出模型个数    # 网络    net = TriCNN(data_train.input_n, [128, 128], data_train.class_n)    # 创建网络 以及 优化器    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, betas=(0.9, 0.999))    net = net.cuda(0)    loss_fun = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=-1)    num_params = 0    for param in net.parameters():        num_params += param.numel()    print('[Net] Total number of parameters : %.3f M' % (num_params / 1e6))    print('-----------------------------------------------')    # 迭代训练    for epoch in range(1, 201):        print('---------------- Epoch: %d -------------' % epoch)        for i, data in enumerate(data_train):            # 前向传播            net.train(True)        # 训练模式            optimizer.zero_grad()  # 梯度清零            face_features = torch.from_numpy(data['face_features']).float()            face_features = face_features.to(data_train.device).requires_grad_(True)            labels = torch.from_numpy(data['label']).long().to(data_train.device)            out = net(face_features, data['mesh'])     # 输入到网络            # 反向传播            loss = loss_fun(out, labels)            loss.backward()            optimizer.step()              # 参数更新        # 测试        net.eval()        acc = 0        for i, data in enumerate(data_test):            with torch.no_grad():                # 前向传播                face_features = torch.from_numpy(data['face_features']).float()                face_features = face_features.to(data_test.device).requires_grad_(False)                labels = torch.from_numpy(data['label']).long().to(data_test.device)                out = net(face_features, data['mesh'])                # 计算准确率                pred_class = out.data.max(1)[1]                correct = pred_class.eq(labels).sum().float()            acc += correct        acc = acc / len(data_test)        print('epoch: %d, TEST ACC: %0.2f' % (epoch, acc * 100))